:: Translations in Affine Planes :: by Henryk Oryszczyszyn and Krzysztof Pra\.zmowski :: :: Received June 12, 1990 :: Copyright (c) 1990-2012 Association of Mizar Users :: (Stowarzyszenie Uzytkownikow Mizara, Bialystok, Poland). :: This code can be distributed under the GNU General Public Licence :: version 3.0 or later, or the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike :: License version 3.0 or later, subject to the binding interpretation :: detailed in file COPYING.interpretation. :: See COPYING.GPL and COPYING.CC-BY-SA for the full text of these :: licenses, or see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html and :: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/. environ vocabularies DIRAF, SUBSET_1, VECTSP_1, ANALOAF, FUNCT_2, STRUCT_0, TRANSGEO, FUNCT_1, AFF_2, INCSP_1, AFF_1, RELAT_1; notations PARTFUN1, FUNCT_2, STRUCT_0, ANALOAF, DIRAF, AFF_1, AFF_2, TRANSGEO; constructors RELAT_2, PARTFUN1, AFF_1, AFF_2, TRANSGEO, RELSET_1; registrations XBOOLE_0, RELAT_1, FUNCT_1, PARTFUN1, FUNCT_2, STRUCT_0; requirements SUBSET, BOOLE; theorems FUNCT_2, TRANSGEO, AFF_1, AFF_2, FUNCT_1, DIRAF, RELAT_1; schemes TRANSGEO; begin reserve AS for AffinSpace, a,b,c,d,p,q,r,s,x for Element of AS; definition let AS; attr AS is Fanoian means :Def1: for a,b,c,d st a,b // c,d & a,c // b,d & a,d // b,c holds LIN a,b,c; end; Lm1: LIN a,b,c & a<>b & a<>c & b<>c & not LIN a,b,p implies ex x st LIN p,a,x & p<>x & a<>x proof assume that A1: LIN a,b,c and A2: a<>b and A3: a<>c and A4: b<>c and A5: not LIN a,b,p; a,b // a,c by A1,AFF_1:def 1; then b,a // a,c by AFF_1:4; then consider x such that A6: p,a // a,x and A7: p,b // c,x by A2,DIRAF:40; A8: now assume p = x; then p,b // p,c by A7,AFF_1:4; then LIN p,b,c by AFF_1:def 1; then A9: LIN b,c,p by AFF_1:6; LIN b,c,a & LIN b,c,b by A1,AFF_1:6,7; hence contradiction by A4,A5,A9,AFF_1:8; end; A10: now assume a = x; then A11: p,b // a,c by A7,AFF_1:4; a,b // a,c by A1,AFF_1:def 1; then a,b // p,b by A3,A11,AFF_1:5; then b,a // b,p by AFF_1:4; then LIN b,a,p by AFF_1:def 1; hence contradiction by A5,AFF_1:6; end; a,p // a,x by A6,AFF_1:4; then LIN a,p,x by AFF_1:def 1; then LIN p,a,x by AFF_1:6; hence thesis by A8,A10; end; Lm2: LIN a,b,c & a<>b & a<>c & b<>c & not LIN a,b,p & LIN a,b,q implies ex x st LIN p,q,x & p<>x & q<>x proof assume that A1: LIN a,b,c and A2: a<>b and A3: a<>c and A4: b<>c and A5: not LIN a,b,p and A6: LIN a,b,q; A7: now assume that A8: q = c and q<>a and q<>b; A9: now assume A10: LIN q,a,p; LIN c,a,b & LIN c,a,a by A1,AFF_1:6,7; hence contradiction by A3,A5,A8,A10,AFF_1:8; end; LIN q,a,b by A6,AFF_1:6; hence thesis by A2,A3,A4,A8,A9,Lm1; end; A11: now assume that A12: q<>a and A13: q<>b and q<>c; A14: now assume LIN q,a,p; then LIN a,q,p by AFF_1:6; then A15: a,q // a,p by AFF_1:def 1; LIN a,q,b by A6,AFF_1:6; then a,q // a,b by AFF_1:def 1; then a,b // a,p by A12,A15,AFF_1:5; hence contradiction by A5,AFF_1:def 1; end; LIN q,a,b by A6,AFF_1:6; hence thesis by A2,A12,A13,A14,Lm1; end; now assume that A16: q = b and q<>a and q<>c; LIN q,a,c & not LIN q,a,p by A1,A5,A16,AFF_1:6; hence thesis by A2,A3,A4,A16,Lm1; end; hence thesis by A1,A2,A3,A4,A5,A7,A11,Lm1; end; Lm3: LIN a,b,c & a<>b & a<>c & b<>c & not LIN a,b,p & p,q // a,b implies ex x st LIN p,q,x & p<>x & q<>x proof assume that A1: LIN a,b,c and A2: a<>b and A3: a<>c and A4: b<>c and A5: not LIN a,b,p and A6: p,q // a,b; A7: b<>q proof assume b = q; then b,p // b,a by A6,AFF_1:4; then LIN b,p,a by AFF_1:def 1; hence contradiction by A5,AFF_1:6; end; A8: a<>q proof assume a = q; then a,p // a,b by A6,AFF_1:4; then LIN a,p,b by AFF_1:def 1; hence contradiction by A5,AFF_1:6; end; A9: not LIN a,b,q proof assume A10: LIN a,b,q; then a,b // a,q by AFF_1:def 1; then p,q // a,q by A2,A6,AFF_1:5; then q,p // q,a by AFF_1:4; then LIN q,p,a by AFF_1:def 1; then A11: LIN q,a,p by AFF_1:6; A12: LIN q,a,a by AFF_1:7; LIN q,a,b by A10,AFF_1:6; hence contradiction by A5,A8,A11,A12,AFF_1:8; end; consider r such that A13: b,c // q,r and A14: b,q // c,r by DIRAF:40; LIN b,a,c by A1,AFF_1:6; then b,a // b,c by AFF_1:def 1; then b,a // q,r by A4,A13,AFF_1:5; then a,b // q,r by AFF_1:4; then p,q // q,r by A2,A6,AFF_1:5; then q,p // q,r by AFF_1:4; then LIN q,p,r by AFF_1:def 1; then A15: LIN p,q,r by AFF_1:6; A16: not LIN a,c,p proof assume A17: LIN a,c,p; LIN a,c,b & LIN a,c,a by A1,AFF_1:6,7; hence contradiction by A3,A5,A17,AFF_1:8; end; A18: now consider s such that A19: b,a // q,s and A20: b,q // a,s by DIRAF:40; A21: q<>s proof assume q = s; then q,b // q,a by A20,AFF_1:4; then LIN q,b,a by AFF_1:def 1; hence contradiction by A9,AFF_1:6; end; assume A22: p = r; A23: now assume p = s; then a,p // c,p by A7,A14,A22,A20,AFF_1:5; then p,a // p,c by AFF_1:4; then LIN p,a,c by AFF_1:def 1; hence contradiction by A16,AFF_1:6; end; a,b // q,s by A19,AFF_1:4; then p,q // q,s by A2,A6,AFF_1:5; then q,p // q,s by AFF_1:4; then LIN q,p,s by AFF_1:def 1; then LIN p,q,s by AFF_1:6; hence thesis by A23,A21; end; q<>r proof assume q = r; then q,b // q,c by A14,AFF_1:4; then LIN q,b,c by AFF_1:def 1; then A24: LIN b,c,q by AFF_1:6; LIN b,c,a & LIN b,c,b by A1,AFF_1:6,7; hence contradiction by A4,A9,A24,AFF_1:8; end; hence thesis by A15,A18; end; theorem Th1: (ex a,b,c st LIN a,b,c & a<>b & a<>c & b<>c) implies for p,q holds ex r st LIN p,q,r & p<>r & q<>r proof given a,b,c such that A1: LIN a,b,c and A2: a<>b and A3: a<>c and A4: b<>c; let p,q; A5: now assume that A6: LIN a,b,p and A7: LIN a,b,q; A8: LIN a,b,b by AFF_1:7; A9: LIN a,b,a by AFF_1:7; now assume A10: p = c or q = c; now assume p <> a or q <> b; A11: now assume that A12: p = c and A13: p<>a; q = b implies thesis by A1,A2,A9,A8,A12,A13,AFF_1:8; hence thesis by A1,A2,A4,A7,A8,A12,AFF_1:8; end; now assume that A14: q = c and q<>b; p = b implies thesis by A1,A2,A3,A9,A8,A14,AFF_1:8; hence thesis by A1,A2,A4,A6,A8,A14,AFF_1:8; end; hence thesis by A3,A4,A10,A11; end; hence thesis by A1,A3,A4; end; hence thesis by A1,A2,A6,A7,AFF_1:8; end; A15: now assume that A16: not LIN a,b,p and not LIN a,b,q; now consider p9 being Element of AS such that A17: a,b // p,p9 and A18: p<>p9 by DIRAF:40; assume A19: not p,q // a,b; A20: not LIN p,p9,q proof assume LIN p,p9,q; then p,p9 // p,q by AFF_1:def 1; hence contradiction by A19,A17,A18,AFF_1:5; end; p,p9 // a,b by A17,AFF_1:4; then ex p99 being Element of AS st LIN p,p9,p99 & p<>p99 & p9<>p99 by A1,A2,A3 ,A4,A16,Lm3; then consider r such that A21: LIN q,p,r and A22: q<>r & p<>r by A18,A20,Lm1; LIN p,q,r by A21,AFF_1:6; hence thesis by A22; end; hence thesis by A1,A2,A3,A4,A16,Lm3; end; now assume ( not LIN a,b,q)& LIN a,b,p; then consider x such that A23: LIN q,p,x and A24: q<>x & p<>x by A1,A2,A3,A4,Lm2; LIN p,q,x by A23,AFF_1:6; hence thesis by A24; end; hence thesis by A1,A2,A3,A4,A5,A15,Lm2; end; reserve AFP for AffinPlane, a,a9,b,b9,c,c9,d,p,p9,q,q9,r,x,x9,y,y9,z for Element of AFP, A,C,P for Subset of AFP, f,g,h,f1,f2 for Permutation of the carrier of AFP; theorem Th2: AFP is Fanoian & a,b // c,d & a,c // b,d & not LIN a,b,c implies ex p st LIN b,c,p & LIN a,d,p proof assume ( for a,b,c,d st a,b // c,d & a,c // b,d & a,d // b,c holds LIN a,b, c)& a,b // c,d & a,c // b,d & not LIN a,b,c; then not a,d // b,c; then ex p st LIN a,d,p & LIN b,c,p by AFF_1:60; hence thesis; end; Lm4: not LIN a,b,x & a,b // x,y & x<>y implies not LIN x,y,a & not LIN b,a,y & not LIN y,x,b proof assume that A1: not LIN a,b,x and A2: a,b // x,y and A3: x<>y; thus not LIN x,y,a proof A4: LIN x,y,x by AFF_1:7; assume A5: LIN x,y,a; x,y // a,b by A2,AFF_1:4; then LIN x,y,b by A3,A5,AFF_1:9; hence contradiction by A1,A3,A5,A4,AFF_1:8; end; thus not LIN b,a,y proof assume A6: LIN b,a,y; b,a // y,x & b<>a by A1,A2,AFF_1:4,7; then LIN b,a,x by A6,AFF_1:9; hence contradiction by A1,AFF_1:6; end; thus not LIN y,x,b proof A7: LIN y,x,x by AFF_1:7; assume A8: LIN y,x,b; y,x // b,a by A2,AFF_1:4; then LIN y,x,a by A3,A8,AFF_1:9; hence contradiction by A1,A3,A8,A7,AFF_1:8; end; end; Lm5: not LIN a,b,x & a,b // x,y & a,x // b,y implies not LIN x,y,a & not LIN b ,a,y & not LIN y,x,b proof assume that A1: not LIN a,b,x and A2: a,b // x,y and A3: a,x // b,y; x<>y proof assume x=y; then x,a // x,b by A3,AFF_1:4; then LIN x,a,b by AFF_1:def 1; hence contradiction by A1,AFF_1:6; end; hence thesis by A1,A2,Lm4; end; theorem Th3: f is translation & not LIN a,f.a,x & a,f.a // x,y & a,x // f.a,y implies y=f.x proof assume A1: f is translation; then A2: f is dilatation by TRANSGEO:def 11; then A3: a,x // f.a,f.x by TRANSGEO:64; assume A4: ( not LIN a,f.a,x)& a,f.a // x,y & a,x // f.a,y; a,f.a // x,f.x by A1,A2,TRANSGEO:78; hence thesis by A4,A3,TRANSGEO:76; end; theorem Th4: AFP is translational iff for a,a9,b,c,b9,c9 st not LIN a,a9,b & not LIN a,a9,c & a,a9 // b,b9 & a,a9 // c,c9 & a,b // a9,b9 & a,c // a9,c9 holds b,c // b9,c9 proof thus AFP is translational implies for a,a9,b,c,b9,c9 st not LIN a,a9,b & not LIN a,a9,c & a,a9 // b,b9 & a,a9 // c,c9 & a,b // a9,b9 & a,c // a9,c9 holds b, c // b9,c9 proof assume A1: AFP is translational; let a,a9,b,c,b9,c9; assume that A2: not LIN a,a9,b and A3: not LIN a,a9,c and A4: a,a9 // b,b9 and A5: a,a9 // c,c9 and A6: a,b // a9,b9 and A7: a,c // a9,c9; set A=Line(a,a9), P=Line(b,b9), C=Line(c,c9); A8: a in A & a9 in A by AFF_1:15; A9: c <>c9 proof assume c = c9; then c,a // c,a9 by A7,AFF_1:4; then LIN c,a,a9 by AFF_1:def 1; hence contradiction by A3,AFF_1:6; end; then A10: C is being_line by AFF_1:def 3; A11: b<>b9 proof assume b=b9; then b,a // b,a9 by A6,AFF_1:4; then LIN b,a,a9 by AFF_1:def 1; hence contradiction by A2,AFF_1:6; end; then A12: P is being_line by AFF_1:def 3; A13: a<>a9 by A2,AFF_1:7; then A14: A is being_line by AFF_1:def 3; A15: c in C by AFF_1:15; then A16: A<>C by A3,A8,A14,AFF_1:21; A17: A // P by A4,A13,A11,AFF_1:37; A18: b9 in P & c9 in C by AFF_1:15; A19: A // C by A5,A13,A9,AFF_1:37; A20: b in P by AFF_1:15; then A<>P by A2,A8,A14,AFF_1:21; hence thesis by A1,A6,A7,A8,A20,A15,A18,A14,A12,A10,A17,A19,A16, AFF_2:def 11; end; assume A21: for a,a9,b,c,b9,c9 st not LIN a,a9,b & not LIN a,a9,c & a,a9 // b, b9 & a,a9 // c,c9 & a,b // a9,b9 & a,c // a9,c9 holds b,c // b9,c9; now let A,P,C,a,b,c,a9,b9,c9; assume that A22: A // P and A23: A // C and A24: a in A and A25: a9 in A and A26: b in P and A27: b9 in P and A28: c in C and A29: c9 in C and A30: A is being_line and A31: P is being_line and A32: C is being_line and A33: A<>P and A34: A<>C and A35: a,b // a9,b9 and A36: a,c // a9,c9; A37: a,a9 // b,b9 & a,a9 // c,c9 by A22,A23,A24,A25,A26,A27,A28,A29,AFF_1:39; A38: now assume A39: a<>a9; A40: not LIN a,a9,c proof assume LIN a,a9,c; then c in A by A24,A25,A30,A39,AFF_1:25; hence contradiction by A23,A28,A34,AFF_1:45; end; not LIN a,a9,b proof assume LIN a,a9,b; then b in A by A24,A25,A30,A39,AFF_1:25; hence contradiction by A22,A26,A33,AFF_1:45; end; hence b,c // b9,c9 by A21,A35,A36,A37,A40; end; now assume A41: a=a9; then LIN a,c,c9 by A36,AFF_1:def 1; then LIN c,c9,a by AFF_1:6; then A42: c = c9 or a in C by A28,A29,A32,AFF_1:25; LIN a,b,b9 by A35,A41,AFF_1:def 1; then LIN b,b9,a by AFF_1:6; then b=b9 or a in P by A26,A27,A31,AFF_1:25; hence b,c // b9,c9 by A22,A23,A24,A33,A34,A42,AFF_1:2,45; end; hence b,c // b9,c9 by A38; end; hence thesis by AFF_2:def 11; end; theorem Th5: ex f st f is translation & f.a=a proof take id the carrier of AFP; thus thesis by FUNCT_1:18,TRANSGEO:77; end; Lm6: a<>b implies ex y st ( not LIN a,b,x & a,b // x,y & a,x // b,y or (LIN a, b,x & ex p,q st not LIN a,b,p & a,b // p,q & a,p // b,q & p,q // x,y & p,x // q ,y)) proof assume A1: a<>b; A2: now assume A3: LIN a,b,x; consider p such that A4: not LIN a,b,p by A1,AFF_1:13; consider q such that A5: a,b // p,q & a,p // b,q by DIRAF:40; ex y st p,q // x,y & p,x // q,y by DIRAF:40; hence thesis by A3,A4,A5; end; now A6: ex y st a,b // x,y & a,x // b,y by DIRAF:40; assume not LIN a,b,x; hence thesis by A6; end; hence thesis by A2; end; Lm7: a<>b implies ex x st not LIN a,b,x & a,b // x,y & a,x // b,y or LIN a,b,x & ex p,q st not LIN a,b,p & a,b // p,q & a,p // b,q & p,q // x,y & p,x // q,y proof assume A1: a<>b; A2: now assume A3: LIN a,b,y; consider p such that A4: not LIN a,b,p by A1,AFF_1:13; consider q such that A5: a,b // p,q and A6: a,p // b,q by DIRAF:40; A7: now assume p=q; then p,a // p,b by A6,AFF_1:4; then LIN p,a,b by AFF_1:def 1; hence contradiction by A4,AFF_1:6; end; consider x such that A8: q,p // y,x and A9: q,y // p,x by DIRAF:40; A10: p,x // q,y by A9,AFF_1:4; A11: p,q // x,y by A8,AFF_1:4; then a,b // x,y or p=q by A5,AFF_1:5; then a,b // y,x by A7,AFF_1:4; then LIN a,b,x by A1,A3,AFF_1:9; hence thesis by A4,A5,A6,A11,A10; end; now consider x such that A12: b,a // y,x & b,y // a,x by DIRAF:40; A13: a,b // x,y & a,x // b,y by A12,AFF_1:4; assume not LIN a,b,y; then not LIN b,a,y by AFF_1:6; then not LIN a,b,x by A12,Lm5; hence thesis by A13; end; hence thesis by A2; end; Lm8: AFP is translational & a<>b & LIN a,b,x & a,b // p,q & a,b // p9,q9 & a,p // b,q & a,p9 // b,q9 & p,q // x,y & p9,q9 // x,y9 & p,x // q,y & p9,x // q9,y9 & not LIN a,b,p & not LIN a,b,p9 & not LIN p,q,p9 implies y=y9 proof assume that A1: AFP is translational and A2: a<>b and A3: LIN a,b,x and A4: a,b // p,q and A5: a,b // p9,q9 and A6: a,p // b,q and A7: a,p9 // b,q9 and A8: p,q // x,y and A9: p9,q9 // x,y9 and A10: p,x // q,y and A11: p9,x // q9,y9 and A12: not LIN a,b,p and A13: not LIN a,b,p9 and A14: not LIN p,q,p9; A15: p<>q proof assume p=q; then p,a // p,b by A6,AFF_1:4; then LIN p,a,b by AFF_1:def 1; hence contradiction by A12,AFF_1:6; end; A16: not LIN p,q,x proof assume A17: LIN p,q,x; then p,q // p,x by AFF_1:def 1; then A18: p,x // a,b by A4,A15,AFF_1:5; a,b // a,x by A3,AFF_1:def 1; then p,x // a,x by A2,A18,AFF_1:5; then x,p // x,a by AFF_1:4; then A19: LIN x,p,a by AFF_1:def 1; A20: LIN x,p,x & LIN a,x,b by A3,AFF_1:6,7; A21: LIN x,p,p by AFF_1:7; x<>a by A4,A6,A12,A17,Lm5; then LIN x,p,b by A19,A20,AFF_1:11; hence contradiction by A3,A12,A19,A21,AFF_1:8; end; A22: p,q // p9,q9 by A2,A4,A5,AFF_1:5; then A23: p9,q9 // x,y by A8,A15,AFF_1:5; A24: p9<>q9 proof assume p9=q9; then p9,a // p9,b by A7,AFF_1:4; then LIN p9,a,b by AFF_1:def 1; hence contradiction by A13,AFF_1:6; end; A25: not LIN p9,q9,x proof assume A26: LIN p9,q9,x; then p9,q9 // p9,x by AFF_1:def 1; then A27: p9,x // a,b by A5,A24,AFF_1:5; a,b // a,x by A3,AFF_1:def 1; then p9,x // a,x by A2,A27,AFF_1:5; then x,p9 // x,a by AFF_1:4; then A28: LIN x,p9,a by AFF_1:def 1; A29: LIN x,p9,x & LIN a,x,b by A3,AFF_1:6,7; A30: LIN x,p9,p9 by AFF_1:7; x<>a by A5,A7,A13,A26,Lm5; then LIN x,p9,b by A28,A29,AFF_1:11; hence contradiction by A3,A13,A28,A30,AFF_1:8; end; p,p9 // q,q9 by A1,A4,A5,A6,A7,A12,A13,Th4; then p9,x // q9,y by A1,A8,A10,A14,A22,A16,Th4; hence thesis by A9,A11,A25,A23,TRANSGEO:76; end; theorem Th6: (for p,q,r st p<>q & LIN p,q,r holds r = p or r = q) & a,b // p,q & a,p // b,q & not LIN a,b,p implies a,q // b,p proof assume that A1: for p,q,r st p<>q & LIN p,q,r holds r = p or r = q and A2: a,b // p,q and A3: a,p // b,q and A4: not LIN a,b,p; consider z such that A5: q,p // a,z and A6: q,a // p,z by DIRAF:40; A7: p<>q proof assume p=q; then p,a // p,b by A3,AFF_1:4; then LIN p,a,b by AFF_1:def 1; hence contradiction by A4,AFF_1:6; end; A8: not LIN a,p,q proof A9: LIN p,q,p by AFF_1:7; assume LIN a,p,q; then A10: LIN p,q,a by AFF_1:6; p,q // a,b by A2,AFF_1:4; then LIN p,q,b by A7,A10,AFF_1:9; hence contradiction by A4,A7,A10,A9,AFF_1:8; end; A11: now assume a=z; then a,p // a,q by A6,AFF_1:4; hence contradiction by A8,AFF_1:def 1; end; p,q // a,z by A5,AFF_1:4; then a,b // a,z by A2,A7,AFF_1:5; then A12: LIN a,b,z by AFF_1:def 1; a<>b by A4,AFF_1:7; then a=z or b=z by A1,A12; hence thesis by A6,A11,AFF_1:4; end; Lm9: AFP is translational & a<>b & LIN a,b,x & a,b // p,q & a,b // p9,q9 & a,p // b,q & a,p9 // b,q9 & p,q // x,y & p9,q9 // x,y9 & p,x // q,y & p9,x // q9,y9 & not LIN a,b,p & not LIN a,b,p9 implies y=y9 proof assume that A1: AFP is translational and A2: a<>b and A3: LIN a,b,x and A4: a,b // p,q and A5: a,b // p9,q9 and A6: a,p // b,q and A7: a,p9 // b,q9 and A8: p,q // x,y and A9: p9,q9 // x,y9 and A10: p,x // q,y and A11: p9,x // q9,y9 and A12: not LIN a,b,p and A13: not LIN a,b,p9; A14: p<>q proof assume p=q; then p,a // p,b by A6,AFF_1:4; then LIN p,a,b by AFF_1:def 1; hence contradiction by A12,AFF_1:6; end; then a,b // x,y by A4,A8,AFF_1:5; then A15: LIN a,b,y by A2,A3,AFF_1:9; A16: not LIN p,q,x proof assume LIN p,q,x; then p,q // p,x by AFF_1:def 1; then a,b // p,x by A4,A14,AFF_1:5; then a,b // x,p by AFF_1:4; hence contradiction by A2,A3,A12,AFF_1:9; end; A17: now assume x=y; then x,p // x,q by A10,AFF_1:4; then LIN x,p,q by AFF_1:def 1; hence contradiction by A16,AFF_1:6; end; A18: p9<>q9 proof assume p9=q9; then p9,a // p9,b by A7,AFF_1:4; then LIN p9,a,b by AFF_1:def 1; hence contradiction by A13,AFF_1:6; end; A19: not LIN q,p,b proof A20: LIN q,p,p by AFF_1:7; assume A21: LIN q,p,b; q,p // b,a by A4,AFF_1:4; then LIN q,p,a by A14,A21,AFF_1:9; hence contradiction by A12,A14,A21,A20,AFF_1:8; end; now assume A22: LIN p,q,p9; p,q // p9,q9 by A2,A4,A5,AFF_1:5; then A23: LIN p,q,q9 by A14,A22,AFF_1:9; A24: now assume A25: for x st LIN a,p,x holds x=a or x=p; then A26: for p,q,r st p<>q & LIN p,q,r holds r = p or r = q by Th1; A27: now assume A28: q=p9; A29: now a,q // b,p by A4,A6,A12,A26,Th6; then A30: q,a // p,b by AFF_1:4; A31: q,p // a,b by A4,AFF_1:4; assume A32: a=x; then A33: q,a // p,y9 & not LIN q,p,a by A11,A14,A18,A16,A23,A25,A28,Th1, AFF_1:6; b=y & q,p // a,y9 by A2,A9,A14,A18,A17,A15,A23,A25,A28,A32,Th1; hence thesis by A31,A30,A33,TRANSGEO:76; end; now A34: q,p // b,a & q,b // p,a by A4,A6,AFF_1:4; assume A35: b=x; then A36: q,b // p,y9 by A11,A14,A18,A23,A25,A28,Th1; a=y & q,p // b,y9 by A2,A9,A14,A18,A17,A15,A23,A25,A28,A35,Th1; hence thesis by A19,A34,A36,TRANSGEO:76; end; hence thesis by A2,A3,A25,A29,Th1; end; now assume A37: p=p9; then q=q9 by A14,A18,A23,A25,Th1; hence thesis by A8,A9,A10,A11,A16,A37,TRANSGEO:76; end; hence thesis by A14,A22,A25,A27,Th1; end; now given p99 being Element of AFP such that A38: LIN a,p,p99 and A39: p99<>a and A40: p99<>p; A41: not LIN p,q,p99 proof assume LIN p,q,p99; then A42: LIN p,p99,q by AFF_1:6; LIN p,p99,p & LIN p,p99,a by A38,AFF_1:6,7; then LIN p,q,a by A40,A42,AFF_1:8; hence contradiction by A4,A6,A12,Lm5; end; A43: not LIN p9,q9,p99 proof p,q // p9,q9 by A2,A4,A5,AFF_1:5; then A44: LIN p,q,q9 by A14,A22,AFF_1:9; assume LIN p9,q9,p99; hence contradiction by A18,A22,A41,A44,AFF_1:11; end; consider q99 being Element of AFP such that A45: a,b // p99,q99 & a,p99 // b,q99 by DIRAF:40; consider y99 being Element of AFP such that A46: p99,q99 // x,y99 & p99,x // q99,y99 by DIRAF:40; A47: not LIN a,b,p99 proof assume LIN a,b,p99; then A48: LIN a,p99,b by AFF_1:6; LIN a,p99,a & LIN a,p99,p by A38,AFF_1:6,7; hence contradiction by A12,A39,A48,AFF_1:8; end; then y=y99 by A1,A2,A3,A4,A6,A8,A10,A12,A45,A46,A41,Lm8; hence thesis by A1,A2,A3,A5,A7,A9,A11,A13,A45,A46,A43,A47,Lm8; end; hence thesis by A24; end; hence thesis by A1,A2,A3,A4,A5,A6,A7,A8,A9,A10,A11,A12,A13,Lm8; end; Lm10: a<>b & LIN a,b,x & a,b // p,q & a,p // b,q & p,q // x,y & not LIN a,b,p implies p<>q & LIN a,b,y proof assume that A1: a<>b & LIN a,b,x and A2: a,b // p,q and A3: a,p // b,q and A4: p,q // x,y and A5: not LIN a,b,p; thus p<>q proof assume p=q; then p,a // p,b by A3,AFF_1:4; then LIN p,a,b by AFF_1:def 1; hence contradiction by A5,AFF_1:6; end; then a,b // x,y by A2,A4,AFF_1:5; hence thesis by A1,AFF_1:9; end; Lm11: AFP is translational & a<>b & LIN a,b,x & a,b // p,q & a,b // p9,q9 & a, p // b,q & a,p9 // b,q9 & p,q // x,y & p,x // q,y & p9,q9 // x9,y & p9,x9 // q9 ,y & not LIN a,b,p & not LIN a,b,p9 implies x=x9 proof assume that A1: AFP is translational and A2: a<>b and A3: LIN a,b,x and A4: a,b // p,q and A5: a,b // p9,q9 and A6: a,p // b,q and A7: a,p9 // b,q9 and A8: p,q // x,y and A9: p,x // q,y and A10: p9,q9 // x9,y & p9,x9 // q9,y and A11: not LIN a,b,p and A12: not LIN a,b,p9; A13: b,a // q,p & b,a // q9,p9 by A4,A5,AFF_1:4; A14: b,q // a,p & b,q9 // a,p9 by A6,A7,AFF_1:4; A15: q9,p9 // y,x9 & q9,y // p9,x9 by A10,AFF_1:4; LIN a,b,y by A2,A3,A4,A6,A8,A11,Lm10; then A16: LIN b,a,y by AFF_1:6; A17: q,p // y,x & q,y // p,x by A8,A9,AFF_1:4; ( not LIN b,a,q)& not LIN b,a,q9 by A4,A5,A6,A7,A11,A12,Lm5; hence thesis by A1,A2,A16,A13,A14,A17,A15,Lm9; end; Lm12: AFP is translational & a<>b implies ex f st f is translation & f.a=b proof defpred X[Element of AFP,Element of AFP] means (not LIN a,b,$1 & a,b // $1, $2 & a,$1 // b,$2) or (LIN a,b,$1 & (ex p,q st not LIN a,b,p & a,b // p,q & a,p // b,q & p,q // $1,$2 & p,$1 // q,$2)); assume that A1: AFP is translational and A2: a<>b; A3: ex y st X[x,y] by A2,Lm6; A4: X[x,y] & X[x9,y] implies x=x9 proof assume that A5: not LIN a,b,x & a,b // x,y & a,x // b,y or (LIN a,b,x & ex p,q st not LIN a,b,p & a,b // p,q & a,p // b,q & p,q // x,y & p,x // q,y) and A6: not LIN a,b,x9 & a,b // x9,y & a,x9 // b,y or (LIN a,b,x9 & ex p, q st not LIN a,b,p & a,b // p,q & a,p // b,q & p,q // x9,y & p,x9 // q,y); A7: now assume A8: LIN a,b,y; A9: not (not LIN a,b,x9 & a,b // x9,y & a,x9 // b,y) proof assume that A10: not LIN a,b,x9 and A11: a,b // x9,y and a,x9 // b,y; a,b // y,x9 by A11,AFF_1:4; hence contradiction by A2,A8,A10,AFF_1:9; end; not (not LIN a,b,x & a,b // x,y & a,x // b,y) proof assume that A12: not LIN a,b,x and A13: a,b // x,y and a,x // b,y; a,b // y,x by A13,AFF_1:4; hence contradiction by A2,A8,A12,AFF_1:9; end; hence thesis by A1,A2,A5,A6,A9,Lm11; end; now assume A14: not LIN a,b,y; then A15: b,y // a,x9 by A2,A6,Lm10,AFF_1:4; A16: b,y // a,x & b,a // y,x9 by A2,A5,A6,A14,Lm10,AFF_1:4; ( not LIN b,a,y)& b,a // y,x by A2,A5,A14,Lm5,Lm10,AFF_1:4; hence thesis by A16,A15,TRANSGEO:76; end; hence thesis by A7; end; A17: ex x st X[x,y] by A2,Lm7; A18: X[x,y] & X[x,y9] implies y=y9 by A1,A2,Lm9,TRANSGEO:76; ex f st for x,y holds f.x=y iff X[x,y] from TRANSGEO:sch 1(A3,A17, A4,A18 ); then consider f such that A19: for x,y holds f.x=y iff not LIN a,b,x & a,b // x,y & a,x // b,y or LIN a,b,x & ex p,q st not LIN a,b,p & a,b // p,q & a,p // b,q & p,q // x,y & p, x // q,y; A20: a,b // x,f.x proof set y=f.x; now assume A21: LIN a,b,x; then consider p,q such that A22: not LIN a,b,p and A23: a,b // p,q and A24: a,p // b,q and A25: p,q // x,y and p,x // q,y by A19; p<>q by A2,A21,A22,A23,A24,A25,Lm10; hence thesis by A23,A25,AFF_1:5; end; hence thesis by A19; end; for x,y holds x,y // f.x,f.y proof let x,y; A26: now A27: ex x9 st y,f.y // x,x9 & y,x // f.y,x9 by DIRAF:40; assume that A28: LIN a,b,x and A29: not LIN a,b,y; a,b // y,f.y & a,y // b,f.y by A19,A29; then y,x // f.y,f.x by A19,A28,A29,A27; hence thesis by AFF_1:4; end; A30: now A31: ex y9 st x,f.x // y,y9 & x,y // f.x,y9 by DIRAF:40; assume that A32: not LIN a,b,x and A33: LIN a,b,y; a,b // x,f.x & a,x // b,f.x by A19,A32; hence thesis by A19,A32,A33,A31; end; A34: now assume A35: LIN a,b,x & LIN a,b,y; then LIN a,b,f.x & LIN a,b,f.y by A2,A20,AFF_1:9; then A36: a,b // f.x,f.y by AFF_1:10; a,b // x,y by A35,AFF_1:10; hence thesis by A2,A36,AFF_1:5; end; now assume A37: ( not LIN a,b,x)& not LIN a,b,y; then A38: a,b // x,f.x & a,b // y,f.y by A19; a,x // b,f.x & a,y // b,f.y by A19,A37; hence thesis by A1,A37,A38,Th4; end; hence thesis by A34,A26,A30; end; then A39: f is dilatation by TRANSGEO:64; A40: f.a=b proof A41: LIN a,b,a by AFF_1:7; consider p such that A42: not LIN a,b,p by A2,AFF_1:13; consider q such that A43: a,b // p,q & a,p // b,q by DIRAF:40; p,a // q,b & p,q // a,b by A43,AFF_1:4; hence thesis by A19,A42,A43,A41; end; x,f.x // y,f.y proof a,b // x,f.x & a,b // y,f.y by A20; hence thesis by A2,AFF_1:5; end; then f is translation by A39,TRANSGEO:78; hence thesis by A40; end; theorem Th7: AFP is translational implies ex f st f is translation & f.a=b proof assume A1: AFP is translational; a=b implies thesis by Th5; hence thesis by A1,Lm12; end; theorem (for a,b ex f st f is translation & f.a=b) implies AFP is translational proof assume A1: for a,b ex f st f is translation & f.a=b; now let a,a9,b,c,b9,c9; consider f such that A2: f is translation and A3: f.a=a9 by A1; A4: f is dilatation by A2,TRANSGEO:def 11; assume ( not LIN a,a9,b)& not LIN a,a9,c & a,a9 // b,b9 & a,a9 // c,c9 & a,b // a9,b9 & a,c // a9,c9; then b9=f.b & c9=f.c by A2,A3,Th3; hence b,c // b9,c9 by A4,TRANSGEO:64; end; hence thesis by Th4; end; theorem Th9: f is translation & g is translation & not LIN a,f.a,g.a implies f*g=g*f proof assume that A1: f is translation and A2: g is translation; A3: g is dilatation by A2,TRANSGEO:def 11; then A4: a,f.a // g.a,g.(f.a) by TRANSGEO:64; assume A5: not LIN a,f.a,g.a; a,g.a // f.a,g.(f.a) by A2,A3,TRANSGEO:78; then f.(g.a)=g.(f.a) by A1,A5,A4,Th3; then (f*g).a=g.(f.a) by FUNCT_2:15; then A6: (f*g).a=(g*f).a by FUNCT_2:15; f*g is translation & g*f is translation by A1,A2,TRANSGEO:82; hence thesis by A6,TRANSGEO:80; end; theorem Th10: AFP is translational & f is translation & g is translation implies f*g=g*f proof assume that A1: AFP is translational and A2: f is translation and A3: g is translation; A4: g is dilatation by A3,TRANSGEO:def 11; now set a = the Element of AFP; assume that A5: f<>id the carrier of AFP and A6: g<>id the carrier of AFP; A7: a<>f.a by A2,A5,TRANSGEO:def 11; A8: a<>g.a by A3,A6,TRANSGEO:def 11; now consider b such that A9: not LIN a,f.a,b by A7,AFF_1:13; consider h such that A10: h is translation and A11: h.a=b by A1,Th7; A12: h *g is translation by A3,A10,TRANSGEO:82; assume A13: LIN a,f.a,g.a; not LIN a,f.a,h.(g.a) proof A14: not LIN a,g.a,b proof assume A15: LIN a,g.a,b; LIN a,g.a,f.a & LIN a,g.a,a by A13,AFF_1:6,7; hence contradiction by A8,A9,A15,AFF_1:8; end; then (g*h).a=(h*g).a by A3,A10,A11,Th9; then (g*h).a=h.(g.a) by FUNCT_2:15; then A16: g.b=h.(g.a) by A11,FUNCT_2:15; assume A17: LIN a,f.a,h.(g.a); a,g.a // b,g.b & a,b // g.a,g.b by A3,A4,TRANSGEO:64,78; then LIN a,f.a,a & not LIN g.a,a,h.(g.a) by A14,A16,Lm5,AFF_1:7; hence contradiction by A7,A13,A17,AFF_1:8; end; then A18: not LIN a,f.a,(h*g).a by FUNCT_2:15; h*(f*g)=(h*f)*g by RELAT_1:36 .=(f*h)*g by A2,A9,A10,A11,Th9 .=f*(h*g) by RELAT_1:36 .=(h*g)*f by A2,A12,A18,Th9 .=h*(g*f) by RELAT_1:36; hence thesis by TRANSGEO:5; end; hence thesis by A2,A3,Th9; end; hence thesis by TRANSGEO:4; end; theorem Th11: f is translation & g is translation & p,f.p // p,g.p implies p,f .p // p,(f*g).p proof assume that A1: f is translation and A2: g is translation and A3: p,f.p // p,g.p; A4: f is dilatation by A1,TRANSGEO:def 11; A5: now assume g<>id the carrier of AFP; then A6: g.p<>p by A2,TRANSGEO:def 11; p,g.p // f.p,f.(g.p) by A4,TRANSGEO:64; then p,f.p // f.p,f.(g.p) by A3,A6,AFF_1:5; then f.p,p // f.p,f.(g.p) by AFF_1:4; then LIN f.p,p,f.(g.p) by AFF_1:def 1; then LIN p,f.p,f.(g.p) by AFF_1:6; then p,f.p // p,f.(g.p) by AFF_1:def 1; hence thesis by FUNCT_2:15; end; now assume g=id the carrier of AFP; then f*g=f by FUNCT_2:17; hence thesis by AFF_1:2; end; hence thesis by A5; end; theorem AFP is Fanoian & AFP is translational & f is translation implies ex g st g is translation & g*g=f proof assume that A1: AFP is Fanoian and A2: AFP is translational and A3: f is translation; A4: now set a = the Element of AFP; set b=f.a; assume f<>id the carrier of AFP; then a<>b by A3,TRANSGEO:def 11; then consider c such that A5: not LIN a,b,c by AFF_1:13; consider d such that A6: c,b // a,d and A7: c,a // b,d by DIRAF:40; not LIN c,b,a by A5,AFF_1:6; then consider p such that A8: LIN b,a,p and A9: LIN c,d,p by A1,A6,A7,Th2; consider f1 being Permutation of the carrier of AFP such that A10: f1 is translation and A11: f1.p=a by A2,Th7; consider f2 being Permutation of the carrier of AFP such that A12: f2 is translation and A13: f2.p=b by A2,Th7; A14: f1*f2 is translation by A10,A12,TRANSGEO:82; A15: LIN p,c,d by A9,AFF_1:6; then A16: p,c // p,d by AFF_1:def 1; A17: now assume p,c // p,a; then LIN p,c,a by AFF_1:def 1; then A18: LIN p,a,c by AFF_1:6; LIN p,a,a & LIN p,a,b by A8,AFF_1:6,7; then p=a by A5,A18,AFF_1:8; then a,c // c,b or a=d by A6,A16,AFF_1:5; then c,a // c,b or a=d by AFF_1:4; then LIN c,a,b or a=d by AFF_1:def 1; then a,c // a,b by A5,A7,AFF_1:4,6; then LIN a,c,b by AFF_1:def 1; hence contradiction by A5,AFF_1:6; end; consider f3 being Permutation of the carrier of AFP such that A19: f3 is translation and A20: f3.p=c by A2,Th7; (f3)" is translation by A19,TRANSGEO:81; then A21: f1*(f3)" is translation by A10,TRANSGEO:82; LIN p,a,b by A8,AFF_1:6; then p,f1.p // p,f2.p by A11,A13,AFF_1:def 1; then A22: p,a // p,(f1*f2).p by A10,A11,A12,Th11; consider f4 being Permutation of the carrier of AFP such that A23: f4 is translation and A24: f4.p=d by A2,Th7; f4.((f2)".b)=f4.p by A13,TRANSGEO:2; then A25: (f4*f2").b=d by A24,FUNCT_2:15; consider h such that A26: h is translation and A27: h.c = a by A2,Th7; not LIN c,a,b by A5,AFF_1:6; then A28: h.b=d by A6,A7,A26,A27,Th3; f1.((f3)".c)=f1.p by A20,TRANSGEO:2; then (f1*(f3)").c = a by A11,FUNCT_2:15; then A29: f1*(f3)"=h by A26,A27,A21,TRANSGEO:80; A30: (f2)" is translation by A12,TRANSGEO:81; then f4*f2" is translation by A23,TRANSGEO:82; then f1*f3"=f4*f2" by A26,A28,A29,A25,TRANSGEO:80; then f1*(f3"*f3)=(f4*f2")*f3 by RELAT_1:36; then f1*(id the carrier of AFP)=(f4*f2")*f3 by FUNCT_2:61; then f1=(f4*f2")*f3 by FUNCT_2:17 .=f4*(f2"*f3) by RELAT_1:36 .=f4*(f3*f2") by A2,A19,A30,Th10 .=(f4*f3)*f2" by RELAT_1:36; then A31: f1*f2=(f4*f3)*(f2"*f2) by RELAT_1:36 .=(f4*f3)*(id the carrier of AFP) by FUNCT_2:61 .=f4*f3 by FUNCT_2:17; p,f3.p // p,f4.p by A20,A24,A15,AFF_1:def 1; then p,c // p,(f3*f4).p by A19,A20,A23,Th11; then p,c // p,(f1*f2).p by A2,A19,A23,A31,Th10; then p=(f1*f2).p by A22,A17,AFF_1:5; then f1"*(f1*f2)=f1"*(id the carrier of AFP) by A14,TRANSGEO:def 11; then (f1"*f1)*f2=f1"*(id the carrier of AFP) by RELAT_1:36; then (id the carrier of AFP)*f2=f1"*(id the carrier of AFP) by FUNCT_2:61; then f2=f1"*(id the carrier of AFP) by FUNCT_2:17; then A32: (f2*f2).a=(f2*f1").a by FUNCT_2:17 .=f2.(f1".a) by FUNCT_2:15 .=b by A11,A13,TRANSGEO:2; f2*f2 is translation by A12,TRANSGEO:82; hence thesis by A3,A12,A32,TRANSGEO:80; end; now set g=id the carrier of AFP; A33: g is translation & g*g=id the carrier of AFP by FUNCT_2:17,TRANSGEO:77; assume f=id the carrier of AFP; hence thesis by A33; end; hence thesis by A4; end; theorem Th13: AFP is Fanoian & f is translation & f*f=id the carrier of AFP implies f=id the carrier of AFP proof set a = the Element of AFP; assume that A1: AFP is Fanoian and A2: f is translation and A3: f*f=id the carrier of AFP; assume f<>id the carrier of AFP; then a<>f.a by A2,TRANSGEO:def 11; then consider b such that A4: not LIN a,f.a,b by AFF_1:13; A5: f is dilatation by A2,TRANSGEO:def 11; then A6: a,b // f.a,f.b by TRANSGEO:64; f.b,a // f.(f.b),f.a by A5,TRANSGEO:64; then f.b,a // (f*f).b,f.a by FUNCT_2:15; then f.b,a // b,f.a by A3,FUNCT_1:18; then A7: a,f.b // f.a,b by AFF_1:4; a,f.a // b,f.b by A2,A5,TRANSGEO:78; hence contradiction by A1,A4,A6,A7,Def1; end; theorem AFP is translational & AFP is Fanoian & f1 is translation & f2 is translation & g=f1*f1 & g=f2*f2 implies f1=f2 proof assume that A1: AFP is translational and A2: AFP is Fanoian and A3: f1 is translation and A4: f2 is translation and A5: g=f1*f1 & g=f2*f2; set h=f2"*f1; A6: f2" is translation by A4,TRANSGEO:81; h*h=f2"*(f1*(f2"*f1)) by RELAT_1:36 .=f2"*((f1*f2")*f1) by RELAT_1:36 .=f2"*((f2"*f1)*f1) by A1,A3,A6,Th10 .=f2"*(f2"*(f1*f1)) by RELAT_1:36 .=(f2"*f2")*(f1*f1) by RELAT_1:36 .=g"*g by A5,FUNCT_1:44 .=id the carrier of AFP by FUNCT_2:61; then f2"*f1=id the carrier of AFP by A2,A3,A6,Th13,TRANSGEO:82; then f2"*f1=f2"*f2 by FUNCT_2:61; hence thesis by TRANSGEO:5; end;