:: The Cantor Set :: by Alexander Yu. Shibakov and Andrzej Trybulec :: :: Received January 9, 1995 :: Copyright (c) 1995-2012 Association of Mizar Users :: (Stowarzyszenie Uzytkownikow Mizara, Bialystok, Poland). :: This code can be distributed under the GNU General Public Licence :: version 3.0 or later, or the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike :: License version 3.0 or later, subject to the binding interpretation :: detailed in file COPYING.interpretation. :: See COPYING.GPL and COPYING.CC-BY-SA for the full text of these :: licenses, or see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html and :: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/. environ vocabularies SETFAM_1, SUBSET_1, TARSKI, PRE_TOPC, RCOMP_1, RLVECT_3, FINSET_1, XBOOLE_0, FINSUB_1, SETWISEO, ZFMISC_1, STRUCT_0, FUNCT_1, RELAT_1, CARD_3, NUMBERS, FUNCOP_1, CARD_1, NAT_1, CANTOR_1; notations TARSKI, XBOOLE_0, ZFMISC_1, SUBSET_1, NUMBERS, ORDINAL1, NAT_1, SETFAM_1, RELAT_1, FUNCT_1, FUNCT_2, FINSET_1, FINSUB_1, SETWISEO, PROB_1, STRUCT_0, PRE_TOPC, TOPS_2, CARD_3, FUNCOP_1; constructors SETFAM_1, FUNCOP_1, SETWISEO, CARD_3, TOPS_2, RELSET_1, PROB_1; registrations XBOOLE_0, SUBSET_1, RELSET_1, FUNCOP_1, FINSET_1, CARD_3, PRE_TOPC, FUNCT_1, TOPS_2; requirements BOOLE, SUBSET; definitions PRE_TOPC, TARSKI, TOPS_2, XBOOLE_0, STRUCT_0; theorems ZFMISC_1, PRE_TOPC, SUBSET_1, SETFAM_1, FINSET_1, FUNCT_2, FUNCT_1, TARSKI, FINSUB_1, RELAT_1, XBOOLE_0, XBOOLE_1, TOPS_2, EQREL_1; schemes SUBSET_1, FUNCT_2, SETWISEO; begin definition let X be set; let A be Subset-Family of X; func UniCl(A) -> Subset-Family of X means :Def1: for x being Subset of X holds x in it iff ex Y being Subset-Family of X st Y c=A & x = union Y; existence proof defpred P[set] means ex Y being Subset-Family of X st Y c= A & $1 = union Y; ex Z being Subset-Family of X st for x being Subset of X holds x in Z iff P[x] from SUBSET_1:sch 3; hence thesis; end; uniqueness proof let F1,F2 be Subset-Family of X such that A1: for x being Subset of X holds x in F1 iff ex Y being Subset-Family of X st Y c=A & x = union Y and A2: for x being Subset of X holds x in F2 iff ex Y being Subset-Family of X st Y c=A & x = union Y; now let x be Subset of X; x in F1 iff ex Y being Subset-Family of X st Y c=A & x = union Y by A1; hence x in F1 iff x in F2 by A2; end; hence thesis by SUBSET_1:3; end; end; definition let X be TopStruct, F be Subset-Family of X; attr F is quasi_basis means :Def2: the topology of X c= UniCl F; end; registration let X be TopStruct; cluster the topology of X -> quasi_basis; coherence proof set F = the topology of X; let A be set; assume A1: A in F; then reconsider B = {A} as Subset-Family of X by SUBSET_1:41; A2: B c= F by A1,ZFMISC_1:31; A = union B by ZFMISC_1:25; hence A in UniCl F by A2,Def1; end; end; registration let X be TopStruct; cluster open quasi_basis for Subset-Family of X; existence proof take the topology of X; thus thesis; end; end; definition let X be TopStruct; mode Basis of X is open quasi_basis Subset-Family of X; end; theorem Th1: for X being set for A being Subset-Family of X holds A c= UniCl A proof let X be set; let A be Subset-Family of X; let x be set; assume A1: x in A; then reconsider x9=x as Subset of X; reconsider s = {x9} as Subset-Family of X by SUBSET_1:41; A2: x = union s by ZFMISC_1:25; s c= A by A1,ZFMISC_1:31; hence thesis by A2,Def1; end; theorem for S being TopStruct holds the topology of S is Basis of S; theorem for S being TopStruct holds the topology of S is open; definition let X be set; let A be Subset-Family of X; func FinMeetCl(A) -> Subset-Family of X means :Def3: for x being Subset of X holds x in it iff ex Y being Subset-Family of X st Y c= A & Y is finite & x = Intersect Y; existence proof defpred P[set] means ex Y being Subset-Family of X st Y c=A & Y is finite & $1 = Intersect Y; ex Z being Subset-Family of X st for x being Subset of X holds x in Z iff P[x] from SUBSET_1:sch 3; hence thesis; end; uniqueness proof let B1, B2 be Subset-Family of X such that A1: for x being Subset of X holds x in B1 iff ex Y being Subset-Family of X st Y c=A & Y is finite & x = Intersect Y and A2: for x being Subset of X holds x in B2 iff ex Y being Subset-Family of X st Y c=A & Y is finite & x = Intersect Y; now let x be Subset of X; x in B2 iff ex Y being Subset-Family of X st Y c=A & Y is finite & x = Intersect Y by A2; hence x in B2 iff x in B1 by A1; end; hence thesis by SUBSET_1:3; end; end; theorem Th4: for X being set for A being Subset-Family of X holds A c= FinMeetCl A proof let X be set; let A be Subset-Family of X; let x be set; assume A1: x in A; then reconsider x9=x as Subset of X; reconsider s = {x9} as Subset-Family of X by SUBSET_1:41; x = meet s by SETFAM_1:10; then A2: x = Intersect s by SETFAM_1:def 9; s c= A by A1,ZFMISC_1:31; hence thesis by A2,Def3; end; theorem Th5: for T being non empty TopSpace holds the topology of T = FinMeetCl the topology of T proof let T be non empty TopSpace; set X = the topology of T; defpred P[set] means meet $1 in the topology of T; A1: for B9 being Element of Fin X, b being Element of X holds P[B9] implies P[B9 \/ {b}] proof let B9 be Element of Fin X, b be Element of X; A2: meet {b} = b by SETFAM_1:10; assume A3: meet B9 in X; per cases; suppose B9 <> {}; then meet (B9 \/ {b}) = meet B9 /\ meet {b} by SETFAM_1:9; hence thesis by A2,A3,PRE_TOPC:def 1; end; suppose B9 = {}; hence thesis by A2; end; end; thus the topology of T c= FinMeetCl the topology of T by Th4; A4: P[{}.X] by PRE_TOPC:1,SETFAM_1:1; A5: for B being Element of Fin X holds P[B] from SETWISEO:sch 4(A4,A1); now let x be Subset of T; assume x in FinMeetCl X; then consider y being Subset-Family of T such that A6: y c=X & y is finite and A7: x = Intersect y by Def3; reconsider y as Subset-Family of T; per cases; suppose A8: y <> {}; A9: y in Fin X by A6,FINSUB_1:def 5; x = meet y by A7,A8,SETFAM_1:def 9; hence x in X by A5,A9; end; suppose A10: y = {}; reconsider aa = {} bool the carrier of T as Subset-Family of the carrier of T; Intersect aa = the carrier of T by SETFAM_1:def 9; hence x in X by A7,A10,PRE_TOPC:def 1; end; end; hence thesis by SUBSET_1:2; end; theorem Th6: for T being TopSpace holds the topology of T = UniCl the topology of T proof let T be TopSpace; thus the topology of T c= UniCl the topology of T by Th1; let a be set; assume A1: a in UniCl the topology of T; then reconsider a9 = a as Subset of T; ex b being Subset-Family of T st b c= the topology of T & a9 = union b by A1,Def1; hence thesis by PRE_TOPC:def 1; end; theorem Th7: for T being non empty TopSpace holds the topology of T = UniCl FinMeetCl the topology of T proof let T be non empty TopSpace; the topology of T = FinMeetCl the topology of T by Th5; hence thesis by Th6; end; theorem Th8: for X being set, A being Subset-Family of X holds X in FinMeetCl A proof let X be set, A be Subset-Family of X; {} is Subset-Family of X by XBOOLE_1:2; then consider y being Subset-Family of X such that A1: y = {}; y c= A & Intersect y = X by A1,SETFAM_1:def 9,XBOOLE_1:2; hence thesis by A1,Def3; end; theorem Th9: for X being set for A, B being Subset-Family of X holds A c= B implies UniCl A c= UniCl B proof let X be set; let A, B be Subset-Family of X such that A1: A c= B; let x be set; assume A2: x in UniCl A; then reconsider x9 = x as Subset of X; consider T being Subset-Family of X such that A3: T c= A and A4: x9 = union T by A2,Def1; T c=B by A1,A3,XBOOLE_1:1; hence thesis by A4,Def1; end; theorem Th10: for X being set for R being non empty Subset-Family of bool X, F being Subset-Family of X st F = { Intersect x where x is Element of R: not contradiction} holds Intersect F = Intersect union R proof let X be set; let R be non empty Subset-Family of bool X, F be Subset-Family of X such that A1: F = { Intersect x where x is Element of R: not contradiction}; hereby let c be set; assume A2: c in Intersect F; for Y being set st Y in union R holds c in Y proof let Y be set; assume Y in union R; then consider d being set such that A3: Y in d and A4: d in R by TARSKI:def 4; reconsider d as Subset-Family of X by A4; reconsider d as Subset-Family of X; Intersect d in F by A1,A4; then c in Intersect d by A2,SETFAM_1:43; hence thesis by A3,SETFAM_1:43; end; hence c in Intersect union R by A2,SETFAM_1:43; end; let c be set; assume A5: c in Intersect union R; for Y be set st Y in F holds c in Y proof let Y be set; assume Y in F; then consider x being Element of R such that A6: Y = Intersect x by A1; Intersect union R c= Intersect x by SETFAM_1:44,ZFMISC_1:74; hence thesis by A5,A6; end; hence thesis by A5,SETFAM_1:43; end; theorem Th11: for X be set, A be Subset-Family of X holds FinMeetCl A = FinMeetCl FinMeetCl A proof let X be set, A be Subset-Family of X; defpred P[set,set] means ex A being Subset-Family of X st $1 = Intersect A & A = $2 & $2 is finite; thus FinMeetCl A c= FinMeetCl FinMeetCl A by Th4; let x be set; assume A1: x in FinMeetCl FinMeetCl A; then reconsider x9 = x as Subset of X; consider Y being Subset-Family of X such that A2: Y c= FinMeetCl A and A3: Y is finite and A4: x9 = Intersect Y by A1,Def3; A5: for e being set st e in Y ex u being set st u in bool A & P[e,u] proof let e be set; assume A6: e in Y; then reconsider e9 = e as Subset of X; consider Y being Subset-Family of X such that A7: Y c=A & Y is finite & e9 = Intersect Y by A2,A6,Def3; take Y; thus thesis by A7; end; consider f being Function of Y, bool A such that A8: for e being set st e in Y holds P[e,f.e] from FUNCT_2:sch 1(A5); set fz = { Intersect s where s is Subset-Family of X: s in rng f}; A9: fz c= Y proof let l be set; assume l in fz; then consider s being Subset-Family of X such that A10: l = Intersect s and A11: s in rng f; consider v being set such that A12: v in dom f and A13: s = f.v by A11,FUNCT_1:def 3; v in Y by A12,FUNCT_2:def 1; then P[v, f.v] by A8; hence thesis by A10,A12,A13,FUNCT_2:def 1; end; rng f c= bool A by RELAT_1:def 19; then union rng f c= union bool A by ZFMISC_1:77; then A14: union rng f c= A by ZFMISC_1:81; then reconsider y = union rng f as Subset-Family of X by XBOOLE_1:1; reconsider y as Subset-Family of X; Y c= fz proof let l be set; assume A15: l in Y; then consider C being Subset-Family of X such that A16: l = Intersect C and A17: C = f.l and f.l is finite by A8; l in dom f by A15,FUNCT_2:def 1; then C in rng f by A17,FUNCT_1:def 3; hence thesis by A16; end; then A18: Y = fz by A9,XBOOLE_0:def 10; A19: x = Intersect y proof per cases; suppose A20: rng f <> {}; rng f c= bool A & bool A c= bool bool X by RELAT_1:def 19,ZFMISC_1:67; then reconsider GGG = rng f as non empty Subset-Family of bool X by A20, XBOOLE_1:1; reconsider GGG as non empty Subset-Family of bool X; fz = { Intersect b where b is Element of GGG: not contradiction} proof hereby let x be set; assume x in fz; then ex s being Subset-Family of X st x = Intersect s & s in rng f; hence x in { Intersect b where b is Element of GGG: not contradiction }; end; let x be set; assume x in { Intersect b where b is Element of GGG: not contradiction}; then ex s being Element of GGG st x =Intersect s; hence thesis; end; hence thesis by A4,A18,Th10; end; suppose A21: rng f = {}; Y = dom f by FUNCT_2:def 1; hence thesis by A4,A21,RELAT_1:38,41,ZFMISC_1:2; end; end; for V being set st V in rng f holds V is finite proof let V be set; assume V in rng f; then consider x being set such that A22: x in dom f and A23: V = f.x by FUNCT_1:def 3; x in Y by A22,FUNCT_2:def 1; then reconsider x as Subset of X; reconsider G = f.x as Subset-Family of X; x in Y by A22,FUNCT_2:def 1; then P[x,G] by A8; hence thesis by A23; end; then union rng f is finite by A3,FINSET_1:7; hence thesis by A14,A19,Def3; end; theorem for X being set, A being Subset-Family of X, a, b being set st a in FinMeetCl A & b in FinMeetCl A holds a /\ b in FinMeetCl A proof let X be set, A be Subset-Family of X, a, b be set; assume A1: a in FinMeetCl A & b in FinMeetCl A; then reconsider M = {a,b} as Subset-Family of X by ZFMISC_1:32; reconsider M as Subset-Family of X; a /\ b = meet M by SETFAM_1:11; then A2: a /\ b = Intersect M by SETFAM_1:def 9; M c= FinMeetCl A by A1,ZFMISC_1:32; then Intersect M in FinMeetCl FinMeetCl A by Def3; hence thesis by A2,Th11; end; theorem Th13: for X being set, A being Subset-Family of X, a, b being set st a c= FinMeetCl A & b c= FinMeetCl A holds INTERSECTION(a,b) c= FinMeetCl A proof let X be set; let A be Subset-Family of X; let a, b be set such that A1: a c= FinMeetCl A & b c= FinMeetCl A; let Z be set; assume Z in INTERSECTION(a,b); then consider V, B being set such that A2: V in a & B in b and A3: Z = V /\ B by SETFAM_1:def 5; V in FinMeetCl A & B in FinMeetCl A by A1,A2; then reconsider M = {V,B} as Subset-Family of X by ZFMISC_1:32; reconsider M as Subset-Family of X; V /\ B = meet M by SETFAM_1:11; then A4: V /\ B = Intersect M by SETFAM_1:def 9; M c= FinMeetCl A by A1,A2,ZFMISC_1:32; then Intersect M in FinMeetCl FinMeetCl A by Def3; hence thesis by A3,A4,Th11; end; theorem Th14: for X being set, A,B being Subset-Family of X holds A c= B implies FinMeetCl A c= FinMeetCl B proof let X be set, A,B be Subset-Family of X such that A1: A c= B; let x be set; assume A2: x in FinMeetCl A; then reconsider x as Subset of X; consider y being Subset-Family of X such that A3: y c= A and A4: y is finite & x = Intersect y by A2,Def3; y c= B by A1,A3,XBOOLE_1:1; hence thesis by A4,Def3; end; registration let X be set; let A be Subset-Family of X; cluster FinMeetCl(A) -> non empty; coherence by Th8; end; theorem Th15: for X be non empty set, A be Subset-Family of X holds TopStruct (#X,UniCl FinMeetCl A#) is TopSpace-like proof let X be non empty set, A be Subset-Family of X; set T = TopStruct (#X,UniCl FinMeetCl A#); A1: [#]T in FinMeetCl A by Th8; now reconsider Y = {[#]T} as Subset-Family of X by ZFMISC_1:68; reconsider Y as Subset-Family of X; take Y; thus Y c= FinMeetCl A by A1,ZFMISC_1:31; thus [#]T = union Y by ZFMISC_1:25; end; hence the carrier of T in the topology of T by Def1; thus for a being Subset-Family of T st a c= the topology of T holds union a in the topology of T proof let a be Subset-Family of T such that A2: a c= the topology of T; defpred P[set] means ex c being Subset of T st c in a & c = union $1; consider b being Subset-Family of FinMeetCl A such that A3: for B being Subset of FinMeetCl A holds B in b iff P[B] from SUBSET_1:sch 3; A4: a = { union B where B is Subset of FinMeetCl A: B in b } proof set gh = { union B where B is Subset of FinMeetCl A: B in b }; hereby let x be set; assume A5: x in a; then reconsider x9 = x as Subset of X; consider V being Subset-Family of X such that A6: V c= FinMeetCl A and A7: x9 = union V by A2,A5,Def1; V in b by A3,A5,A6,A7; hence x in gh by A7; end; let x be set; assume x in gh; then consider B being Subset of FinMeetCl A such that A8: x = union B and A9: B in b; ex c being Subset of T st c in a & c = union B by A3,A9; hence thesis by A8; end; union union b = union { union B where B is Subset of FinMeetCl A: B in b } & union b c= bool X by EQREL_1:54,XBOOLE_1:1; hence thesis by A4,Def1; end; let a,b be Subset of T; assume a in the topology of T; then consider F being Subset-Family of X such that A10: F c= FinMeetCl A and A11: a = union F by Def1; assume b in the topology of T; then consider G being Subset-Family of X such that A12: G c= FinMeetCl A and A13: b = union G by Def1; A14: union INTERSECTION(F,G) = a /\ b by A11,A13,SETFAM_1:28; A15: INTERSECTION(F,G) c= FinMeetCl A by A10,A12,Th13; then INTERSECTION(F,G) is Subset-Family of X by XBOOLE_1:1; hence thesis by A15,A14,Def1; end; definition let X be TopStruct, F be Subset-Family of X; attr F is quasi_prebasis means :Def4: ex G being Basis of X st G c= FinMeetCl F; end; registration let X be TopStruct; cluster the topology of X -> quasi_prebasis; coherence proof take the topology of X; thus thesis by Th4; end; cluster -> quasi_prebasis for Basis of X; coherence proof let F be Basis of X; take F; thus thesis by Th4; end; cluster open quasi_prebasis for Subset-Family of X; existence proof take the topology of X; thus thesis; end; end; definition let X be TopStruct; mode prebasis of X is open quasi_prebasis Subset-Family of X; end; theorem Th16: for X being non empty set, Y being Subset-Family of X holds Y is Basis of TopStruct (#X, UniCl Y#) proof let X be non empty set, Y be Subset-Family of X; Y c= UniCl Y by Th1; hence thesis by Def2,TOPS_2:64; end; theorem Th17: for T1, T2 being strict non empty TopSpace, P being prebasis of T1 st the carrier of T1 = the carrier of T2 & P is prebasis of T2 holds T1 = T2 proof let T1, T2 be strict non empty TopSpace, P be prebasis of T1 such that A1: the carrier of T1 = the carrier of T2 and A2: P is prebasis of T2; reconsider P9 = P as prebasis of T2 by A2; consider B1 being Basis of T1 such that A3: B1 c= FinMeetCl P by Def4; P c= the topology of T1 by TOPS_2:64; then FinMeetCl P c= FinMeetCl the topology of T1 by Th14; then A4: UniCl FinMeetCl P c= UniCl FinMeetCl the topology of T1 by Th9; P9 c= the topology of T2 by TOPS_2:64; then FinMeetCl P9 c= FinMeetCl the topology of T2 by Th14; then A5: UniCl FinMeetCl P9 c= UniCl FinMeetCl the topology of T2 by Th9; A6: the topology of T1 c= UniCl B1 by Def2; UniCl B1 c= UniCl FinMeetCl P by A3,Th9; then A7: the topology of T1 c= UniCl FinMeetCl P by A6,XBOOLE_1:1; consider B2 being Basis of T2 such that A8: B2 c= FinMeetCl P9 by Def4; A9: the topology of T2 c= UniCl B2 by Def2; UniCl B2 c= UniCl FinMeetCl P9 by A8,Th9; then A10: the topology of T2 c= UniCl FinMeetCl P9 by A9,XBOOLE_1:1; the topology of T2 = UniCl FinMeetCl the topology of T2 by Th7; then A11: UniCl FinMeetCl P9 = the topology of T2 by A10,A5,XBOOLE_0:def 10; the topology of T1 = UniCl FinMeetCl the topology of T1 by Th7; hence thesis by A1,A7,A11,A4,XBOOLE_0:def 10; end; theorem Th18: for X being non empty set, Y being Subset-Family of X holds Y is prebasis of TopStruct (#X, UniCl FinMeetCl Y#) proof let X be non empty set, A be Subset-Family of X; set T = TopStruct (#X, UniCl FinMeetCl A#); reconsider A9 = A as Subset-Family of T; now A9 c= FinMeetCl A & FinMeetCl A c= the topology of T by Th1,Th4; then A9 c= the topology of T by XBOOLE_1:1; hence A9 is open by TOPS_2:64; thus A9 is quasi_prebasis proof reconsider B = FinMeetCl A9 as Basis of T by Th16; take B; thus thesis; end; end; hence thesis; end; definition func the_Cantor_set -> strict non empty TopSpace means the carrier of it = product (NAT-->{0,1}) & ex P being prebasis of it st for X being Subset of product (NAT-->{0,1}) holds X in P iff ex N,n being Nat st for F being Element of product (NAT-->{0,1}) holds F in X iff F.N=n; existence proof defpred P[set] means ex N,n being Nat st for F being Element of product ( NAT-->{0,1}) holds F in $1 iff F.N=n; consider Y being Subset-Family of product(NAT-->{0,1}) such that A1: for y being Subset of product(NAT-->{0,1}) holds y in Y iff P[y] from SUBSET_1:sch 3; reconsider T = TopStruct (#product (NAT-->{0,1}),UniCl FinMeetCl Y#) as strict non empty TopSpace by Th15; take T; thus the carrier of T = product (NAT-->{0,1}); reconsider Y as prebasis of T by Th18; take Y; thus thesis by A1; end; uniqueness proof let T1, T2 be strict non empty TopSpace such that A2: the carrier of T1 = product (NAT-->{0,1}) and A3: ex P being prebasis of T1 st for X being Subset of product (NAT--> {0 ,1}) holds X in P iff ex N,n being Nat st for F being Element of product ( NAT -->{0,1}) holds F in X iff F.N=n and A4: the carrier of T2 = product (NAT-->{0,1}) and A5: ex P being prebasis of T2 st for X being Subset of product (NAT--> {0 ,1}) holds X in P iff ex N,n being Nat st for F being Element of product ( NAT -->{0,1}) holds F in X iff F.N=n; consider P1 being prebasis of T1 such that A6: for X being Subset of product (NAT-->{0,1}) holds X in P1 iff ex N ,n being Nat st for F being Element of product (NAT-->{0,1}) holds F in X iff F .N=n by A3; consider P2 being prebasis of T2 such that A7: for X being Subset of product (NAT-->{0,1}) holds X in P2 iff ex N ,n being Nat st for F being Element of product (NAT-->{0,1}) holds F in X iff F .N=n by A5; now let x be Subset of product (NAT-->{0,1}); x in P1 iff ex N,n being Nat st for F being Element of product (NAT -->{0,1}) holds F in x iff F.N=n by A6; hence x in P1 iff x in P2 by A7; end; then P1 = P2 by A2,A4,SUBSET_1:3; hence thesis by A2,A4,Th17; end; end; :: the aim is to prove: theorem the_Cantor_set is compact