:: On Some Properties of Real {H}ilbert Space, {II} :: by Hiroshi Yamazaki , Yasumasa Suzuki , Takao Inou\'e and Yasunari Shidama :: :: Received April 17, 2003 :: Copyright (c) 2003-2012 Association of Mizar Users :: (Stowarzyszenie Uzytkownikow Mizara, Bialystok, Poland). :: This code can be distributed under the GNU General Public Licence :: version 3.0 or later, or the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike :: License version 3.0 or later, subject to the binding interpretation :: detailed in file COPYING.interpretation. :: See COPYING.GPL and COPYING.CC-BY-SA for the full text of these :: licenses, or see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html and :: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/. environ vocabularies NUMBERS, BHSP_1, PRE_TOPC, REAL_1, COMPLEX1, ARYTM_1, ARYTM_3, XXREAL_0, XREAL_0, ORDINAL1, CARD_1, SUBSET_1, RELAT_1, HAHNBAN, BHSP_6, FINSET_1, XBOOLE_0, TARSKI, BHSP_5, STRUCT_0, BINOP_2, FUNCT_1, ZFMISC_1, NAT_1, SEQ_2, ALGSTR_0, BINOP_1, SETWISEO, PROB_2, FINSEQ_1, FINSOP_1, SQUARE_1, NORMSP_1, SEMI_AF1, SUPINF_2, RSSPACE2; notations TARSKI, XBOOLE_0, SUBSET_1, ZFMISC_1, ORDINAL1, NUMBERS, XREAL_0, BINOP_2, STRUCT_0, ALGSTR_0, COMPLEX1, REAL_1, NAT_1, FUNCT_1, FUNCT_2, RELAT_1, PRE_TOPC, BHSP_1, SQUARE_1, SEQ_2, BINOP_1, FINSET_1, SETWISEO, HAHNBAN, FINSEQ_1, FINSOP_1, BHSP_5, BHSP_6, RSSPACE2, PARTFUN1, XXREAL_0; constructors BINOP_1, DOMAIN_1, SETWISEO, REAL_1, SQUARE_1, BINOP_2, COMPLEX1, FINSOP_1, BHSP_3, BHSP_5, BHSP_6, SEQ_1, RELSET_1, COMSEQ_2; registrations XBOOLE_0, FUNCT_1, ORDINAL1, RELSET_1, FUNCT_2, FINSET_1, NUMBERS, XREAL_0, BINOP_2, STRUCT_0, BHSP_5; requirements SUBSET, REAL, BOOLE, NUMERALS, ARITHM; definitions TARSKI, SQUARE_1, RLVECT_1; theorems XBOOLE_1, SQUARE_1, ZFMISC_1, XREAL_0, ABSVALUE, FUNCT_1, NAT_1, FUNCT_2, RLVECT_1, SEQ_2, SEQ_4, BHSP_1, BHSP_5, BHSP_6, UNIFORM1, CHAIN_1, XCMPLX_1, BINOP_2, XREAL_1, COMPLEX1, XXREAL_0; schemes NAT_1, FUNCT_2; begin :: Necessary and sufficient condition for summable set reserve X for RealUnitarySpace; reserve x, y, y1, y2 for Point of X; Lm1: for x, y, z, e be Real holds abs(x-y) < e/2 & abs(y-z) < e/2 implies abs( x-z) 0 ex k be Element of NAT st 1/(k+1) < p proof let p be real number; consider k1 be Element of NAT such that A1: p" < k1 by SEQ_4:3; assume p > 0; then A2: 0 < p" by XREAL_1:122; take k1; p"+0 < k1+1 by A1,XREAL_1:8; then 1/(k1+1) < 1/p" by A2,XREAL_1:76; hence thesis by XCMPLX_1:216; end; Lm3: for p being real number, m being Element of NAT st p > 0 ex i be Element of NAT st 1/(i+1) < p & i >= m proof let p be real number, m be Element of NAT; consider k1 be Element of NAT such that A1: p" 0; then A2: 0 0 ex Y0 be finite Subset of X st Y0 is non empty & Y0 c= Y & for Y1 be finite Subset of X st Y0 c= Y1 & Y1 c= Y holds abs( r - setopfunc(Y1, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal)) < e by BHSP_6:def 6; for e be Real st 0 < e holds ex Y0 be finite Subset of X st Y0 is non empty & Y0 c= Y & for Y1 be finite Subset of X st Y1 is non empty & Y1 c= Y & Y0 misses Y1 holds abs(setopfunc(Y1, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal)) j; A.(j+1) = (B.(j+1) \/ A.j) by A17; then A27: A.j c= A.(j+1) by XBOOLE_1:7; n <= j by A25,XREAL_1:6; then n < j by A26,XXREAL_0:1; hence thesis by A24,A27,NAT_1:13,XBOOLE_1:1; end; end; hence thesis; end; A28: P[0] by NAT_1:3; A29: for j be Element of NAT holds P[j] from NAT_1:sch 1(A28, A23); A.(n+1) = B.(n+1) \/ A.n & B.(n+1) is finite Subset of X by A14,A17; hence R[n+1] by A19,A20,A29,XBOOLE_1:8; end; for j0 be Element of NAT st j0=0 holds for j be Element of NAT st j0 <= j holds A.j0 c= A.j proof let j0 be Element of NAT such that A30: j0 = 0; defpred P[Element of NAT] means j0 <= $1 implies A.j0 c= A.$1; A31: now let j be Element of NAT such that A32: P[j]; A.(j+1) = (B.(j+1) \/ A.j) by A17; then A.j c= A.(j+1) by XBOOLE_1:7; hence P[j+1] by A30,A32,NAT_1:2,XBOOLE_1:1; end; A33: P[0] by A30; thus for j be Element of NAT holds P[j] from NAT_1:sch 1(A33, A31 ); end; then A34: R[0] by A14,A16; A35: for i be Element of NAT holds R[i] from NAT_1:sch 1(A34,A18); rng A c= bool Y proof let y be set; assume y in rng A; then consider x be set such that A36: x in dom A and A37: y = A.x by FUNCT_1:def 3; reconsider i = x as Element of NAT by A15,A36; A.i c= Y by A35; hence thesis by A37,ZFMISC_1:def 1; end; then A is Function of NAT, bool Y by A15,FUNCT_2:2; hence thesis by A35; end; then consider A be Function of NAT, bool Y such that A38: for i be Element of NAT holds A.i is finite Subset of X & A.i is non empty & A.i c= Y & (for Y1 be finite Subset of X st Y1 is non empty & Y1 c= Y & A.i misses Y1 holds abs(setopfunc(Y1, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal))< 1/(i+1)) & for j be Element of NAT st i <= j holds A.i c= A.j; defpred P[set,set] means ex Y1 be finite Subset of X st Y1 is non empty & A.$1 = Y1 & $2 = setopfunc(Y1, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal); A39: for x be set st x in NAT ex y be set st y in REAL & P[x,y] proof let x be set; assume x in NAT; then reconsider i=x as Element of NAT; A.i is finite Subset of X by A38; then reconsider Y1 = A.x as finite Subset of X; reconsider y = setopfunc(Y1, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal) as set; A.i is non empty by A38; then ex Y1 be finite Subset of X st Y1 is non empty & A.x = Y1 & y = setopfunc(Y1, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal); hence thesis; end; ex F being Function of NAT, REAL st for x be set st x in NAT holds P[ x,F.x] from FUNCT_2:sch 1(A39); then consider F being Function of NAT, REAL such that A40: for x be set st x in NAT holds ex Y1 be finite Subset of X st Y1 is non empty & A.x = Y1 & F.x = setopfunc(Y1, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal); set seq = F; A41: for e be real number st e > 0 ex k be Element of NAT st for n, m be Element of NAT st n >= k & m >= k holds abs((seq.n) - (seq.m)) < e proof let e be real number such that A42: e > 0; A43: e/2 > 0/2 by A42,XREAL_1:74; then consider k be Element of NAT such that A44: 1/(k+1) < e/2 by Lm2; take k; let n, m be Element of NAT such that A45: n >= k and A46: m >= k; consider Y2 be finite Subset of X such that Y2 is non empty and A47: A.m = Y2 and A48: seq.m = setopfunc(Y2, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal) by A40; consider Y0 be finite Subset of X such that Y0 is non empty and A49: A.k = Y0 and seq.k = setopfunc(Y0, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal) by A40; A50: Y0 c= Y2 by A38,A46,A49,A47; consider Y1 be finite Subset of X such that Y1 is non empty and A51: A.n = Y1 and A52: seq.n = setopfunc(Y1, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal) by A40; A53: Y0 c= Y1 by A38,A45,A49,A51; now per cases; case A54: Y0 = Y1; now per cases; case Y0 = Y2; hence thesis by A42,A52,A48,A54,ABSVALUE:2; end; case A55: Y0 <> Y2; ex Y02 be finite Subset of X st Y02 is non empty & Y02 c= Y & Y02 misses Y0 & Y0 \/ Y02 = Y2 proof take Y02 = Y2 \ Y0; A56: Y2 \ Y0 c= Y2 by XBOOLE_1:36; Y0 \/ Y02 = Y0 \/ Y2 by XBOOLE_1:39 .= Y2 by A50,XBOOLE_1:12; hence thesis by A47,A55,A56,XBOOLE_1:1,79; end; then consider Y02 be finite Subset of X such that A57: Y02 is non empty & Y02 c= Y and A58: Y02 misses Y0 and A59: Y0 \/ Y02 = Y2; abs(setopfunc(Y02, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal)) < 1/(k+1) by A38,A49,A57,A58; then A60: abs(setopfunc(Y02, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal)) < e/2 by A44,XXREAL_0:2; dom L = the carrier of X by FUNCT_2:def 1; then setopfunc(Y2, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal) = addreal.( setopfunc(Y0, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal), setopfunc(Y02, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal)) by A58,A59,BHSP_5:14 .= setopfunc(Y0, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal) + setopfunc(Y02, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal) by BINOP_2:def 9; then A61: abs((seq.n) - (seq.m)) = abs(-setopfunc(Y02, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal)) by A52,A48,A54 .= abs(setopfunc(Y02, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal)) by COMPLEX1:52; e/2 < e by A42,XREAL_1:216; hence thesis by A60,A61,XXREAL_0:2; end; end; hence thesis; end; case A62: Y0 <> Y1; now per cases; case A63: Y0 = Y2; ex Y01 be finite Subset of X st Y01 is non empty & Y01 c= Y & Y01 misses Y0 & Y0 \/ Y01 = Y1 proof take Y01 = Y1 \ Y0; A64: Y1 \ Y0 c= Y1 by XBOOLE_1:36; Y0 \/ Y01 = Y0 \/ Y1 by XBOOLE_1:39 .= Y1 by A53,XBOOLE_1:12; hence thesis by A51,A62,A64,XBOOLE_1:1,79; end; then consider Y01 be finite Subset of X such that A65: Y01 is non empty & Y01 c= Y and A66: Y01 misses Y0 and A67: Y0 \/ Y01 = Y1; dom L = the carrier of X by FUNCT_2:def 1; then A68: setopfunc(Y1, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal) = addreal.( setopfunc(Y0, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal), setopfunc(Y01, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal)) by A66,A67,BHSP_5:14 .= setopfunc(Y0, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal) + setopfunc(Y01, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal) by BINOP_2:def 9; abs(setopfunc(Y01, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal)) < 1/(k+1) by A38,A49,A65,A66; then abs((seq.n) - (seq.m)) < e/2 by A44,A52,A48,A63,A68,XXREAL_0:2; then abs((seq.n) - (seq.m))+ 0 < e/2 + e/2 by A43,XREAL_1:8; hence thesis; end; case A69: Y0<>Y2; ex Y02 be finite Subset of X st Y02 is non empty & Y02 c= Y & Y02 misses Y0 & Y0 \/ Y02 = Y2 proof take Y02 = Y2 \ Y0; A70: Y2 \ Y0 c= Y2 by XBOOLE_1:36; Y0 \/ Y02 = Y0 \/ Y2 by XBOOLE_1:39 .= Y2 by A50,XBOOLE_1:12; hence thesis by A47,A69,A70,XBOOLE_1:1,79; end; then consider Y02 be finite Subset of X such that A71: Y02 is non empty & Y02 c= Y and A72: Y02 misses Y0 and A73: Y0 \/ Y02 = Y2; dom L = the carrier of X by FUNCT_2:def 1; then A74: setopfunc(Y2, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal) = addreal.(setopfunc(Y0, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal), setopfunc(Y02, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal)) by A72,A73,BHSP_5:14 .= setopfunc(Y0, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal) + setopfunc(Y02, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal) by BINOP_2:def 9; ex Y01 be finite Subset of X st Y01 is non empty & Y01 c= Y & Y01 misses Y0 & Y0 \/ Y01 = Y1 proof take Y01 = Y1 \ Y0; A75: Y1 \ Y0 c= Y1 by XBOOLE_1:36; Y0 \/ Y01 = Y0 \/ Y1 by XBOOLE_1:39 .= Y1 by A53,XBOOLE_1:12; hence thesis by A51,A62,A75,XBOOLE_1:1,79; end; then consider Y01 be finite Subset of X such that A76: Y01 is non empty & Y01 c= Y and A77: Y01 misses Y0 and A78: Y0 \/ Y01 = Y1; dom L = the carrier of X by FUNCT_2:def 1; then setopfunc(Y1, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal) = addreal.(setopfunc(Y0, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal), setopfunc(Y01, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal)) by A77,A78,BHSP_5:14 .= setopfunc(Y0, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal) + setopfunc(Y01, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal) by BINOP_2:def 9; then seq.n - seq.m = setopfunc(Y01, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal) - setopfunc(Y02, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal) by A52,A48,A74; then A79: abs((seq.n) - (seq.m)) <= abs(setopfunc(Y01, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal)) + abs(setopfunc(Y02, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal)) by COMPLEX1:57; abs(setopfunc(Y02, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal)) < 1/(k+1) by A38,A49,A71,A72; then A80: abs(setopfunc(Y02, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal)) < e/2 by A44,XXREAL_0:2; abs(setopfunc(Y01, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal)) < 1/(k+1) by A38,A49,A76,A77; then abs(setopfunc(Y01, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal)) < e/2 by A44,XXREAL_0:2; then abs(setopfunc(Y01, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal)) + abs(setopfunc(Y02, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal)) < e/2 + e/2 by A80, XREAL_1:8; hence thesis by A79,XXREAL_0:2; end; end; hence thesis; end; end; hence thesis; end; for e be real number st 0 < e ex k be Element of NAT st for m be Element of NAT st k <= m holds abs(seq.m -seq.k)= k & m >= k holds abs((seq.n ) - (seq.m)) < e by A41; for m be Element of NAT st k <= m holds abs(seq.m - seq.k) 0 ex m be Element of NAT st for n be Element of NAT st n >= m holds abs(seq.n - x) < r by SEQ_2:def 6; reconsider r=x as Real by XREAL_0:def 1; take r; for e be Real st 0 < e ex Y0 be finite Subset of X st Y0 is non empty & Y0 c= Y & for Y1 be finite Subset of X st Y0 c= Y1 & Y1 c= Y holds abs( r - setopfunc(Y1, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal)) < e proof let e be Real; assume e > 0; then A83: e/2 > 0/2 by XREAL_1:74; then consider m be Element of NAT such that A84: for n be Element of NAT st n >= m holds abs((seq.n)-r) < e/2 by A82; consider i be Element of NAT such that A85: 1/(i+1) < e/2 and A86: i >= m by A83,Lm3; consider Y0 be finite Subset of X such that A87: Y0 is non empty and A88: A.i = Y0 and A89: seq.i = setopfunc(Y0, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal) by A40; A90: abs(setopfunc(Y0, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal) - r) < e/2 by A84,A86,A89; now let Y1 be finite Subset of X such that A91: Y0 c= Y1 and A92: Y1 c= Y; now per cases; case Y0 = Y1; then abs(r - setopfunc(Y1, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal)) < e/2 by A90,UNIFORM1:11; then abs(x - setopfunc(Y1, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal)) + 0 < e/2 + e/2 by A83,XREAL_1:8; hence abs(r - setopfunc(Y1, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal)) < e; end; case A93: Y0 <> Y1; ex Y2 be finite Subset of X st Y2 is non empty & Y2 c= Y & Y0 misses Y2 & Y0 \/ Y2 = Y1 proof take Y2 = Y1 \ Y0; A94: Y1 \ Y0 c= Y1 by XBOOLE_1:36; Y0 \/ Y2 = Y0 \/ Y1 by XBOOLE_1:39 .= Y1 by A91,XBOOLE_1:12; hence thesis by A92,A93,A94,XBOOLE_1:1,79; end; then consider Y2 be finite Subset of X such that A95: Y2 is non empty & Y2 c= Y and A96: Y0 misses Y2 and A97: Y0 \/ Y2 = Y1; dom L = the carrier of X by FUNCT_2:def 1; then setopfunc(Y1, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal)-r = addreal.( setopfunc(Y0, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal), setopfunc(Y2, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal)) - r by A96,A97,BHSP_5:14 .= setopfunc(Y0, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal) + setopfunc(Y2, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal) - r by BINOP_2:def 9 .= setopfunc(Y0, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal) - r + setopfunc(Y2, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal); then abs(setopfunc(Y1, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal)-r) <= abs(setopfunc(Y0, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal) - r) + abs(setopfunc(Y2, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal)) by ABSVALUE:9; then A98: abs(x - setopfunc(Y1, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal) ) <= abs(setopfunc(Y0, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal) - r) + abs(setopfunc( Y2, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal)) by UNIFORM1:11; abs(setopfunc(Y2, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal)) < 1/( i+1) by A38,A88,A95,A96; then abs(setopfunc(Y2, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal)) < e/2 by A85,XXREAL_0:2; then abs(setopfunc(Y0, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal) - r) + abs(setopfunc(Y2, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal)) < e/2 + e/2 by A90, XREAL_1:8; hence abs(r - setopfunc(Y1, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal)) < e by A98,XXREAL_0:2; end; end; hence abs(r - setopfunc(Y1, the carrier of X, REAL, L, addreal)) < e; end; hence thesis by A87,A88; end; hence thesis; end; hence thesis by BHSP_6:def 6; end; theorem Th2: for X st the addF of X is commutative associative & the addF of X is having_a_unity for S be finite OrthogonalFamily of X st S is non empty for I be Function of the carrier of X, the carrier of X st S c= dom I & (for y st y in S holds I.y = y) for H be Function of the carrier of X, REAL st S c= dom H & (for y st y in S holds H.y= (y.|.y)) holds setopfunc(S, the carrier of X, the carrier of X, I, the addF of X) .|. setopfunc(S, the carrier of X, the carrier of X, I, the addF of X) = setopfunc(S, the carrier of X, REAL, H, addreal) proof let X such that A1: the addF of X is commutative associative & the addF of X is having_a_unity; let S be finite OrthogonalFamily of X such that A2: S is non empty; let I be Function of the carrier of X, the carrier of X such that A3: S c= dom I and A4: for y st y in S holds I.y = y; consider p be FinSequence of the carrier of X such that A5: p is one-to-one & rng p = S and A6: setopfunc(S, (the carrier of X), (the carrier of X), I, (the addF of X)) = (the addF of X) "**" Func_Seq(I, p) by A1,A3,BHSP_5:def 5; let H be Function of the carrier of X, REAL such that A7: S c= dom H and A8: for y st y in S holds H.y= y.|.y; A9: setopfunc(S, the carrier of X, REAL, H, addreal) = addreal "**" Func_Seq (H, p) by A7,A5,BHSP_5:def 5; A10: for y1, y2 st y1 in S & y2 in S & y1 <> y2 holds (the scalar of X).[I. y1, I.y2] = 0 proof let y1, y2; assume that A11: y1 in S & y2 in S and A12: y1 <> y2; A13: y1.|.y2 = 0 by A11,A12,BHSP_5:def 8; I.y1 = y1 & I.y2 = y2 by A4,A11; hence thesis by A13,BHSP_1:def 1; end; for y st y in S holds H.y = (the scalar of X).[I.y, I.y] proof let y; assume A14: y in S; then A15: I.y = y by A4; H.y = (y.|.y) by A8,A14 .= (the scalar of X).[I.y, I.y] by A15,BHSP_1:def 1; hence thesis; end; then (the scalar of X).[(the addF of X) "**" Func_Seq(I, p), (the addF of X) "**" Func_Seq(I, p)] = addreal "**" Func_Seq(H, p) by A2,A3,A7,A5,A10, BHSP_5:9; hence thesis by A6,A9,BHSP_1:def 1; end; theorem Th3: for X st the addF of X is commutative associative & the addF of X is having_a_unity for S be finite OrthogonalFamily of X st S is non empty for H be Functional of X st S c= dom H & (for x st x in S holds H.x = (x.|.x)) holds (setsum(S)).|.(setsum(S)) = setopfunc(S, the carrier of X, REAL, H, addreal) proof let X such that A1: the addF of X is commutative associative & the addF of X is having_a_unity; reconsider I = id the carrier of X as Function of the carrier of X, the carrier of X; let S be finite OrthogonalFamily of X such that A2: S is non empty; let H be Functional of X such that A3: S c= dom H & for x st x in S holds H.x = (x.|.x); A4: for x st x in S holds I.x = x by FUNCT_1:18; A5: dom I = the carrier of X by FUNCT_2:def 1; for x be set st x in the carrier of X holds I.x = x by FUNCT_1:18; then setsum(S) = setopfunc(S, the carrier of X, the carrier of X, I, the addF of X) by A1,A5,BHSP_6:1; hence thesis by A1,A2,A3,A5,A4,Th2; end; theorem Th4: for Y be OrthogonalFamily of X for Z be Subset of X holds Z is Subset of Y implies Z is OrthogonalFamily of X proof let Y be OrthogonalFamily of X; let Z be Subset of X; assume Z is Subset of Y; then for x, y st x in Z & y in Z & x <> y holds x.|.y = 0 by BHSP_5:def 8; hence thesis by BHSP_5:def 8; end; theorem Th5: for Y be OrthonormalFamily of X for Z be Subset of X holds Z is Subset of Y implies Z is OrthonormalFamily of X proof let Y be OrthonormalFamily of X; let Z be Subset of X; assume A1: Z is Subset of Y; then A2: for x st x in Z holds x.|.x = 1 by BHSP_5:def 9; Y is OrthogonalFamily of X by BHSP_5:def 9; then Z is OrthogonalFamily of X by A1,Th4; hence thesis by A2,BHSP_5:def 9; end; begin :: Equivalence of summability theorem Th6: for X being RealHilbertSpace st the addF of X is commutative associative & the addF of X is having_a_unity for S be OrthonormalFamily of X for H be Functional of X st S c= dom H & (for x being Point of X st x in S holds H.x = (x.|.x)) holds S is summable_set iff S is_summable_set_by H proof let X be RealHilbertSpace such that A1: the addF of X is commutative associative & the addF of X is having_a_unity; let S be OrthonormalFamily of X; let H be Functional of X such that A2: S c= dom H and A3: for x being Point of X st x in S holds H.x = (x.|.x); A4: now assume A5: S is summable_set; now let e be Real such that A6: 0 < e; set e9 = sqrt e; 0 < e9 by A6,SQUARE_1:25; then consider e1 be Real such that A7: 0 < e1 and A8: e1 < e9 by CHAIN_1:1; e1^2 < e9^2 by A7,A8,SQUARE_1:16; then A9: e1*e1 < e by A6,SQUARE_1:def 2; consider Y0 be finite Subset of X such that A10: Y0 is non empty & Y0 c= S and A11: for Y1 be finite Subset of X st Y1 is non empty & Y1 c= S & Y0 misses Y1 holds ||.setsum(Y1).|| < e1 by A1,A5,A7,BHSP_6:10; take Y0; thus Y0 is non empty & Y0 c= S by A10; let Y1 be finite Subset of X such that A12: Y1 is non empty and A13: Y1 c= S and A14: Y0 misses Y1; Y1 is finite OrthonormalFamily of X by A13,Th5; then A15: Y1 is finite OrthogonalFamily of X by BHSP_5:def 9; for x being Point of X st x in Y1 holds H.x = (x.|.x) by A3,A13; then A16: (setsum(Y1)).|.(setsum(Y1)) = setopfunc(Y1, the carrier of X, REAL, H, addreal) by A1,A2,A12,A13,A15,Th3,XBOOLE_1:1; 0 <= ||.setsum(Y1).|| by BHSP_1:28; then ||.setsum(Y1).||^2 < e1^2 by A11,A12,A13,A14,SQUARE_1:16; then A17: ||.setsum(Y1).||^2 < e by A9,XXREAL_0:2; ||.setsum(Y1).|| = sqrt ((setsum(Y1)).|.(setsum(Y1))) & 0 <= ( setsum(Y1)).|. (setsum(Y1)) by BHSP_1:def 2,def 4; then A18: ||.setsum(Y1).||^2 = setopfunc(Y1, the carrier of X, REAL, H, addreal) by A16,SQUARE_1:def 2; 0 <= setopfunc(Y1, the carrier of X, REAL, H, addreal) by A16, BHSP_1:def 2; hence abs(setopfunc(Y1, the carrier of X, REAL, H, addreal)) < e by A17 ,A18,ABSVALUE:def 1; end; hence S is_summable_set_by H by Th1; end; now assume A19: S is_summable_set_by H; now let e be Real such that A20: 0 < e; set e1 = e * e; 0 < e1 by A20,XREAL_1:129; then consider Y0 be finite Subset of X such that A21: Y0 is non empty & Y0 c= S and A22: for Y1 be finite Subset of X st Y1 is non empty & Y1 c= S & Y0 misses Y1 holds abs(setopfunc(Y1, the carrier of X, REAL, H, addreal)) < e1 by A19,Th1; now let Y1 be finite Subset of X such that A23: Y1 is non empty and A24: Y1 c= S and A25: Y0 misses Y1; set F = setopfunc(Y1, the carrier of X, REAL, H, addreal); Y1 is finite OrthonormalFamily of X by A24,Th5; then A26: Y1 is finite OrthogonalFamily of X by BHSP_5:def 9; abs F < e1 by A22,A23,A24,A25; then F - e1 < abs F - abs F by ABSVALUE:4,XREAL_1:15; then A27: F < e1 by XREAL_1:48; for x being Point of X st x in Y1 holds H.x= (x.|.x) by A3,A24; then A28: (setsum Y1).|.(setsum Y1) = F by A1,A2,A23,A24,A26,Th3,XBOOLE_1:1; 0 <= (setsum Y1).|.(setsum Y1) & ||.setsum Y1.|| = sqrt ((setsum Y1).|.( setsum Y1)) by BHSP_1:def 2,def 4; then ||.setsum Y1.||^2 < e1 by A27,A28,SQUARE_1:def 2; then sqrt(||.setsum(Y1).||^2) < sqrt(e^2) by SQUARE_1:27,XREAL_1:63; then sqrt(||.setsum(Y1).||^2) < e by A20,SQUARE_1:22; hence ||.setsum(Y1).|| < e by BHSP_1:28,SQUARE_1:22; end; hence ex Y0 be finite Subset of X st Y0 is non empty & Y0 c= S & for Y1 be finite Subset of X st Y1 is non empty & Y1 c= S & Y0 misses Y1 holds ||. setsum(Y1).|| < e by A21; end; hence S is summable_set by A1,BHSP_6:10; end; hence thesis by A4; end; theorem Th7: for S be Subset of X st S is summable_set holds for e be Real st 0 < e ex Y0 be finite Subset of X st Y0 is non empty & Y0 c= S & for Y1 be finite Subset of X st Y0 c= Y1 & Y1 c= S holds abs(((sum(S)).|.(sum(S))) - (( setsum(Y1)).|.(setsum(Y1)))) < e proof let S be Subset of X such that A1: S is summable_set; consider Y02 be finite Subset of X such that Y02 is non empty and A2: Y02 c= S and A3: for Y1 be finite Subset of X st Y02 c= Y1 & Y1 c= S holds ||.sum(S) - setsum(Y1).|| < 1 by A1,BHSP_6:def 3; let e be Real such that A4: 0 < e; set e9 = e/(2*||.sum(S).||+1); 0 <= ||.sum(S).|| by BHSP_1:28; then 0 <= 2*||.sum(S).|| by XREAL_1:127; then A5: 0+0 < 2*||.sum(S).||+1 by XREAL_1:8; then 0 < e9 by A4,XREAL_1:139; then consider Y01 be finite Subset of X such that A6: Y01 is non empty and A7: Y01 c= S and A8: for Y1 be finite Subset of X st Y01 c= Y1 & Y1 c= S holds ||.sum(S) - setsum(Y1).|| < e9 by A1,BHSP_6:def 3; set Y0 = Y01 \/ Y02; A9: for Y1 be finite Subset of X st Y0 c= Y1 & Y1 c= S holds abs(((sum(S)) .|.(sum(S))) - ((setsum(Y1)).|.(setsum(Y1)))) < e proof let Y1 be finite Subset of X such that A10: Y0 c= Y1 and A11: Y1 c= S; set SS = sum(S)-setsum(Y1), SY = setsum(Y1); Y01 c= Y1 by A10,XBOOLE_1:11; then A12: ||.SS.||*(2*||.sum(S).|| + 1) < e9*(2*||.sum(S).|| + 1) by A5,A8,A11, XREAL_1:68; ||.SY.|| = ||.-SY.|| by BHSP_1:31 .= ||.0.X - SY.|| by RLVECT_1:14 .= ||.-sum(S) + sum(S) - SY.|| by RLVECT_1:5 .= ||.-sum(S) + SS.|| by RLVECT_1:def 3; then ||.SY.|| <= ||.-sum(S).|| + ||.SS.|| by BHSP_1:30; then A13: ||.SY.|| <= ||.sum(S).|| + ||.SS.|| by BHSP_1:31; Y02 c= Y1 by A10,XBOOLE_1:11; then ||.SS.|| + ||.SY.|| < 1 + (||.sum(S).|| + ||.SS.||) by A3,A11,A13, XREAL_1:8; then ||.SY.|| + ||.SS.|| - ||.SS.|| < 1 + ||.sum(S).|| + ||.SS.|| - ||.SS .|| by XREAL_1:14; then A14: ||.sum(S).|| + ||.SY.|| < 1 + ||.sum(S).|| + ||.sum(S).|| by XREAL_1:8; 0 <= ||.SS.|| by BHSP_1:28; then ||.SS.||*(||.sum(S).|| + ||.SY.||) <= ||.SS.||*(2*||.sum(S).|| + 1) by A14,XREAL_1:64; then ||.SS.||*(||.sum(S).|| + ||.SY.||) + ||.SS.||*(2*||.sum(S).|| + 1) < e9*(2*||.sum(S).|| + 1) + ||.SS.||*(2*||.sum(S).|| + 1) by A12,XREAL_1:8; then ||.SS.||*(||.sum(S).|| + ||.SY.||) + ||.SS.||*(2*||.sum(S).|| + 1) - ||.SS.||*(2*||.sum(S).|| + 1) < e9*(2*||.sum(S).|| + 1) + ||.SS.||*(2*||.sum(S) .|| + 1) - ||.SS.||*(2*||.sum(S).|| + 1) by XREAL_1:14; then A15: ||.SS.||*(||.sum(S).|| + ||.SY.||) < e by A5,XCMPLX_1:87; set F = (sum(S)).|.(sum(S)), G = (setsum(Y1)).|.(setsum(Y1)); abs(F - G) = abs(F - ((sum(S)).|.SY) + (((sum(S)).|.SY) - G)) .= abs(((sum(S)).|.SS) + (((sum(S)).|.SY) - G)) by BHSP_1:12 .= abs(((sum(S)).|.SS) + (SS.|.SY)) by BHSP_1:11; then A16: abs(F - G) <= abs(((sum(S)).|.SS)) + abs(SS.|.SY) by COMPLEX1:56; abs(((sum(S)).|.SS)) <= ||.sum(S).||*||.SS.|| by BHSP_1:29; then abs(F - G) + abs(((sum(S)).|.SS)) <= abs(((sum(S)).|.SS)) + abs(SS.|. SY) + ||.sum(S).||*||.SS.|| by A16,XREAL_1:7; then abs(F - G) + abs(((sum(S)).|.SS)) <= (abs(SS.|.SY) + ||.sum(S).||*||. SS.||) + abs(((sum(S)).|.SS)); then A17: abs(F - G) <= abs(SS.|.SY) + ||.sum(S).||*||.SS.|| by XREAL_1:6; abs(SS.|.SY) <= ||.SS.||*||.SY.|| by BHSP_1:29; then abs(F - G) + abs(SS.|.SY) <= abs(SS.|.SY) + ||.sum(S).||*||.SS.|| + ||.SS.||*||.SY.|| by A17,XREAL_1:7; then abs(F - G) + abs(SS.|.SY) <= ||.sum(S).||*||.SS.|| + ||.SS.||*||.SY .|| + abs(SS.|.SY); then abs(F - G) <= ||.SS.||*||.sum(S).|| + ||.SS.||*||.SY.|| by XREAL_1:6; then abs(F - G) + ||.SS.||*(||.sum(S).|| + ||.SY.||) < e + ||.SS.||*(||. sum(S).|| + ||.SY.||) by A15,XREAL_1:8; then abs(F - G) + ||.SS.||*(||.sum(S).|| + ||.SY.||) - ||.SS.||*(||.sum(S) .|| + ||.SY.||) < e + ||.SS.||*(||.sum(S).|| + ||.SY.||) - ||.SS.||*(||.sum(S) .|| + ||.SY.||) by XREAL_1:14; hence thesis; end; Y0 c= S by A7,A2,XBOOLE_1:8; hence thesis by A6,A9; end; Lm4: for p1, p2 being real number st for e be Real st 0 < e holds abs(p1 - p2) < e holds p1 = p2 proof let p1, p2 be real number; assume A1: for e be Real st 0 < e holds abs(p1 - p2) < e; assume p1 <> p2; then p1 - p2 <> 0; then 0 < abs(p1-p2) by COMPLEX1:47; hence contradiction by A1; end; theorem for X being RealHilbertSpace st the addF of X is commutative associative & the addF of X is having_a_unity for S be OrthonormalFamily of X for H be Functional of X st S c= dom H & (for x being Point of X st x in S holds H.x = (x.|.x)) holds S is summable_set implies (sum(S)).|.(sum(S)) = sum_byfunc(S, H) proof let X be RealHilbertSpace such that A1: the addF of X is commutative associative & the addF of X is having_a_unity; let S be OrthonormalFamily of X; let H be Functional of X such that A2: S c= dom H and A3: for x being Point of X st x in S holds H.x= (x.|.x); A4: for Y1 be finite Subset of X st Y1 is non empty & Y1 c= S holds (setsum( Y1)).|.(setsum(Y1)) = setopfunc(Y1, the carrier of X, REAL, H,addreal) proof let Y1 be finite Subset of X such that A5: Y1 is non empty and A6: Y1 c= S; Y1 is finite OrthonormalFamily of X by A6,Th5; then A7: Y1 is finite OrthogonalFamily of X by BHSP_5:def 9; for x being Point of X st x in Y1 holds H.x = (x.|.x) by A3,A6; hence thesis by A1,A2,A5,A6,A7,Th3,XBOOLE_1:1; end; set p1 = (sum(S)).|.(sum(S)), p2 = sum_byfunc(S, H); assume A8: S is summable_set; then A9: S is_summable_set_by H by A1,A2,A3,Th6; for e be Real st 0 < e holds abs(p1 - p2) < e proof let e be Real; assume 0 < e; then A10: 0/2 < e/2 by XREAL_1:74; then consider Y02 be finite Subset of X such that Y02 is non empty and A11: Y02 c= S and A12: for Y1 be finite Subset of X st Y02 c= Y1 & Y1 c= S holds abs(p2 - setopfunc(Y1, the carrier of X, REAL, H, addreal)) < e/2 by A9,BHSP_6:def 7; consider Y01 be finite Subset of X such that A13: Y01 is non empty and A14: Y01 c= S and A15: for Y1 be finite Subset of X st Y01 c= Y1 & Y1 c= S holds abs(p1 - ((setsum Y1).|.(setsum Y1))) < e/2 by A8,A10,Th7; set Y1 = Y01 \/ Y02; A16: Y1 c= S by A14,A11,XBOOLE_1:8; reconsider Y011 = Y01 as non empty set by A13; set r = setopfunc(Y1, the carrier of X, REAL, H, addreal); Y1 = Y011 \/ Y02; then (setsum(Y1)).|.(setsum(Y1)) = r by A4,A14,A11,XBOOLE_1:8; then Y02 c= Y1 & abs(p1 - r) < e/2 by A15,A16,XBOOLE_1:7; then abs(p1-r) + abs(p2-r) < e/2 + e/2 by A12,A16,XREAL_1:8; then A17: abs(p1-r) + abs(r-p2) < e by UNIFORM1:11; p1 - p2 = (p1 - r) + (r - p2); then abs(p1-p2) <= abs(p1-r) + abs(r-p2) by COMPLEX1:56; hence thesis by A17,XXREAL_0:2; end; hence thesis by Lm4; end;